4.1 Biomechanical Movement Flashcards
Define linear motion?
Linear motion is motion in a straight or curved line with all body parts at the same speed in the same direction.
What are the two measurements of linear motion?
Scalar quantities (only has magnitude) - speed, mass, distance.
Vector quantities (has both magnitude and direction) - displacement, velocity, acceleration, momentum, weight.
Define distance
The path a body takes as it moves from the starting to the finishing position.
Define displacement
Shortest route in a straight line between start and finish position.
What is the formula for speed?
Speed (ms) = Distance (m) / Time (s)
What is the formula for velocity?
Velocity = Displacement (m) / Time (s)
What is acceleration?
The rate of change of velocity. Increased velocity = positive acceleration. Decreased velocity = negative acceleration.
What is the formula for acceleration?
Avg acceleration (m/s/s) = Change in velocity / Time
What is momentum?
Momentum is the product of mass and velocity of an object.
What is the formula for momentum?
Momentum (kgm/s) = Mass (kg) X Velocity (m/s)
How can momentum be conserved?
This occurs when a performer or object is in flight.
What are the 2 types of force:
1.) Internal force: Generated by the skeletal muscle.
2.) External force: Comes from outside the body.
External forces can be categorised as:
-Vertical forces
-Horizontal forces
What are the types of vertical forces?
-Gravity/Weight
-Reaction
What are the type of horizontal forces?
-Friction
-Air resistance
Define static
Force exerted when there is no motion between 2 surfaces.
Define sliding
When 2 bodies in contact have a tendency to slip/slide over.
What 3 factors affect friction?
1.) The roughness of the surface
2.) The mass of an object
3.) Temperature of the 2 surfaces
Define air resistance?
A force that acts in the opposite direction to the motion of a body travelling through the air.
What 3 things affect air resistance?
1.) The velocity of the moving body.
2.) The frontal cross-sectional area of the moving body
3.) The shape and surface characteristics of the moving body.
What is a net force?
This is the resultant force acting on a body when all other forces have been considered.
What is an impulse?
The time taken for a force to be applied.
What is the formula for impulse?
Impulse = Force X Time (KG/s)
How can impulse increase speed?
1.) Increase the amount of internal muscular force applied.
2.) Increase the amount of time in which the force is applied.
