4.1 and 4.2

Question 1

what is the formation of freeze thaw

Answer 1

water enters cracks of stones. The temperature drops and the water freezes and expands causing the rocks to widen

Question 2

what is the slope process

Answer 2

soil such as sandstone and clay and absorbs large amounts of moisture and becomes saturated, this makes it very heavy which causes it to move down the slope.

Question 3

what is mud flow

Answer 3

debris and dirt that has become liquified by the addition of water which causes it to fall downhill.

Question 4

what are landslides

Answer 4

Landslides refer to the downhill movement of large volumes of rock, soil and mud. They can happen on steep hillsides and cliff faces. A landslide can occur after heavy rainfall has weakened the slope - the rainwater infiltrates the soil and then percolates down into the rock later, making the rock saturated and heavy.

Question 5

chemical weathering

Answer 5

Chemical weathering involves the interaction of rock with mineral solutions (chemicals) to change the composition of rocks

Question 6

biological weathering

Answer 6

Biological weathering is caused by the movements of plants and animals. For example plants may grow in rocks and as the roots grow the rock widens.

Question 7

physical weathering

Answer 7

Physical weathering occurs when physical processes affect the rock, such as changes in temperature or when the rock is exposed to the effects of wind, rain and waves.

Question 8

what is a post glacial river process

Answer 8

The UK climate is very wet. Heavy rainfall can lead to flooding. When rivers flood the overflowing water carries sediment and deposits silt on the valley floor forming a flood plain. This is important in the low land areas however in the upland areas it is eroding downwards carving out a V-shaped valley

Question 9

what is erosion

Answer 9

Erosion is the process where rocks are broken down by natural force such as wind and water. There are 2 main types erosion physical and chemical erosion.

Question 10

what is deposition

Answer 10

Deposition is the laying down of sediment carried by wind, flowing water, the sea, or ice. Sediment can be transported as pebbles, sand, mud or as salts

Question 11

what is igneous rock

Answer 11

Magma cools and hardens. Rocks from crystals as it cools down.

Question 12

what is sedimentary rock

Answer 12

layers of sediment compacted together until the become solid rock. For example limestone and chalk which is formed from tiny shells and skeletons of sea creatures and clays are made from mud which means its very soft.

Question 13

what is metamorphic rock

Answer 13

formed when rocks are changed by heat and pressure. New rock becomes harder and more compact.