4.1) AI and automation Flashcards
Why learn about artificial intelligence (AI) and automation? (2)
- Artificial intelligence (AI) has been in development for more than sixty years
*As we look to the future, it is important for organizations and managers to understand artificial intelligence and automation and their applications, including how these fields will continue to develop
What is artificial intelligence?
*Computers with the ability to mimic or duplicate
the functions of the human brain
- ___________ is a supercomputer developed by
IBM with AI capabilities
*Watson defeated two Jeopardy champions
using natural _____________ processing
Watson
language
What does AI include? (2)
*Include people, procedures, hardware, software, data, and knowledge needed to develop computer systems and machines that can simulate human intelligence processes
* Learning, reasoning, and self-correction
True or false, AI is a complex, interdisciplinary field
True
What fields is AI involved in? (7)
*Involves biology, computer science, linguistics,
mathematics, neuroscience, philosophy, and
psychology
What does the Turning Test attempt to do?
The Turing Test attempts to determine whether a computer can successfully impersonate a human
What does intelligent human behavior include? (3)
*Learn from experiences and apply knowledge acquired from experience
*Handle complex situations
*Solve problems when important information is missing
What is the nature of intelligence? (6)
*Determine what is important
*React quickly and correctly to a new situation
*Understand visual images
*Process and manipulate symbols
*Be creative and imaginative
*Use heuristics
What are ‘expert systems’? (3)
- Expert systems were the precursor of the modern AI systems
*The decision-making computer systems in AI
*Designed to be the most advanced and most reliable in solving complex problems, and they work in a specific domain
What do expert systems include? (7)
- Research
- Expert
- Consulting
- Knowledge
- Team
- Advise
- Trust
What are characteristics of expert systems? (5)
*Highly effective
*Understandable
*Reliable
*Able to process data quickly
*Capable of critical decision making
What are the components of expert systems? (6)
*Knowledge base
*Development engine
*Inference engine
*Explanation facility
*Knowledge acquisition facility
*User interface
What capabilities do expert systems have? (2)
- Capabilities of expert systems
*Aiding in decision making
*Data analysis, interpreting input, justifying
conclusions
What is a domain expert?
person or group with the expertise or knowledge the expert system is trying to capture
Who is a knowledge engineer?
person who has training or experience in the design, development, implementation, and maintenance of an expert system
Who is a knowledge user?
person or group who uses and benefits from the expert system
*Needs no previous training or experience
What are vision systems?
Hardware and software that permit computers to capture, store, and manipulate visual images and pictures
What is augmented reality?
Augmented reality (AR) is a type of vision
system that is being used widely in the medical
field
What does a vision system software do?
Vision system software takes computer-generated
images and superimposes them on a user’s view of
the world through the use of specialized glasses or
goggles
What are genetic algorithms?
Genetic algorithms: approach to solving
problems based on the theory of evolution;
uses the concept of survival of the fittest as
a problem-solving strategy
What are intelligent agents?
Intelligent agent: programs and a knowledge base used to perform a specific task for a person, a process, or another program; also called an intelligent robot or bot
What are artifiical neural networks? (2)
A computer system that can recognize and
act on patterns or trends that it detects in
large sets of data
*Developed to operate like the human brain
How are artificial neural networks programmed?
- Programmed to learn from each iteration
during the training phase
*Process that continues even after the system is
implemented
What is the process of an artificial neural network?
AI technology is being introduced in new ___________ and new applications at a rapid pace
industries
What has AI caused regrading employment? (2)
Automation has often created a fear of job loss
*A report released by the World Economic
Forum states that the growth of AI could
actually create up to 58 million new jobs by
2022
What jobs has AI created?
- There are many options for a career in AI
*Data scientist
*Machine learning engineer
*Software developer
*Robotics scientist
*Business intelligence developer
*AI research scientist
What is machine learning? (2)
Machine learning: ability of a computer to
learn without having a programmer change
the software for every scenario
*Involves a computer carrying out tasks based
on inputs and a set of instructions
What is natural language processing? (2)
Natural language processing is a function
of machine learning
*We use natural language processing every day
without realizing we are training a machine to
provide better service to the next user
What are the types of machine learning training ?
Where is natural language processing usually used? (2x2)
- Natural language processing is widely
used in search engines - Each time a search is entered, the engine must
interpret what the user is looking for and return
the relevant results in a timely manner
Translators
* Online translators must be trained in more than
just word-to-word translations
* Grammar rules and punctuation can make a
difference regarding how a sentence is read and how
it is interpreted in another language
What is a brain computer interface and which industry uses it?
Technology that interacts with a human’s
neural structure (brain) and translates the
information (thoughts) into activity (actions)
*Medical field
*Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency
(DARPA)
What is robotics?
Technology using a combination ofmechanical engineering, computer science, and machine learning to create a device that can perform tasks with a high
degree of precision
* Most of these tasks are deemed tedious or
dangerous for humans
What industries are applying robotics with AI and machine learning?
Robotics, along with AI and machine learning, is being applied in many industries
*Automotive industry was one of the first industries to embrace robotics
*Healthcare is another industry that has seen a rapid rise in the use of robots
*Many pharmacies now use robots to prepare medications and IV solutions
