4.1 Acids, Bases, Neutralisation Flashcards
What is an acid in terms of protons?
Proton donor
What is a base in terms of protons?
Proton acceptor
What happens when a strong acid is added to water?
It dissociates, releasing H+ ions into solution.
State some strong acids.
Hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, nitric acid
Write the general formula for dissociation of a strong acid.
HA + H2O –> A- + H3O+
What happens when a weak acid is added to water?
It will partially dissociate
State the general formula for dissociation of a weak acid.
HA (aq) –> H+ (aq) + A- (aq)
State some weak acids.
Lactic acid, ethanoic acid, citric acid, methanoic acid.
State the formula for lactic acid.
C3H6O3
State the formula for ethanoic acid
C2H4O2
State the formula for citric acid
C6H8O7
State the formula for methanoic acid.
CH2O2
What determines the position of the equilibrium in a dissociation reaction?
The strength of the acid
The stronger the acid…
The more the equilibrium is to the Right Hand Side
What do all acids contain in their formulae?
H+
What do all alkalis contain in their formulae?
OH-
What is produced when an acid and an alkali react together?
Salt + Water
What are bases?
Proton acceptors, including metal oxides, metal hydroxides, metal carbonates and ammonia
What is an alkali?
A type of base that dissolves in water, releasing hydroxide ions into solution
Write down the formula for the dissociation of a strong alkali (Sodium Hydroxide)
NaOH (s) + aq –> Na+ (aq) + OH- (aq)
What is produced when an acid reacts with a carbonate?
Salt, water and carbon dioxide
Is neutralisation exothermic or endothermic?
Exothermic.
