2.1-2.3, Atomic Structures, Masses, Ions & Isotopes

Question 1

What is the mass of a proton?

Answer 1

1

Question 2

What is the mass of a neutron?

Answer 2

1

Question 3

What is the mass of an elecrton?

Answer 3

1/1836

Question 4

What is an ion?

Answer 4

An atom that has lost or gained electrons

Question 5

What is an isotope?

Answer 5

An atom that has lost or gained neutrons

Question 6

Do different isotopes of the same element react in the same or different way?

Answer 6

Same, because the number of neutrons has no effect on the reactions of an element

Question 7

Do different isotopes of the same element have the same or different physical properties?

Answer 7

Isotopes will have small differences in physical properties (ie mp/bp) because they have differing masses.

Question 8

What are the two types of ions?

Answer 8

Cations and anions

Question 9

Are anions positive or negative?

Answer 9

Negative

Question 10

Are cations positive or negative?

Answer 10

Positive

Question 11

What is relative isotopic mass?

Answer 11

The mass of one isotope, compared with one-twelfth of the mass of an atom of Carbon-12.
This is the weighted mean of all the isotopic masses.

Question 12

What do you use to measure isotopic mass?

Answer 12

A mass spectrometer

Question 13

How does a mass spectrometer measure relative masses?

Answer 13

By ionising particles, and then deflecting them with a magnetic field as they are accelerated.
The amount of deflection depends on the m/z ratio of the ion and the detector records the number of ions of each mass detected.

Question 14

When discussing m/z ratio, what does m stand for?

Answer 14

Relative Mass

Question 15

When discussing m/z ratio, what does z stand for?

Answer 15

Charge

Question 16

What are the uses of mass spectrometers?

Answer 16

-To measure the masses and abundances of the isotopes of an element and hence determine its relative atomic amss.
-To measure the relative molecular mass of a compound.

Question 17

What are all atoms’ and molecules’ masses measured against?

Answer 17

The carbon-12 isotope

Question 18

How are atoms weighed?

Answer 18

By comparing their masses to eachother (relative masses)

Question 19

What is relative molecular mass?

Answer 19

The weighted mean mass of a molecule, compared with one twelfth of the mass of an atom of carbon-12

Question 20

What is relative formula mass?

Answer 20

The weighted mean mass of one formula unit of a substance compared with one twelfth of the mass of an atom of carbon-12

Question 21

What are the units for relative masses?

Answer 21

There are no units, because it is a comparative measurement

Question 22

Do metal ions have a positive or negative charge?

Answer 22

Positive charge

Question 23

Do non-metal ions have a positive or negative charge?

Answer 23

Negative charge

Question 24

What is a polyatomic ion?

Answer 24

An ion consisting of several atoms strongly bonded together, carrying an overall charge.

Question 25

What is empirical formula?

Answer 25

The simplest whole number ratio of the atoms of each element in a compound.

Question 26

What is molecular formula?

Answer 26

The actual number of atoms of each element in a molecule