406- Drug/Nutrient Interactions

Question 1

Pharmacokinetics

Answer 1

The movement of drugs through the body
Absorption
Digestion
Metabolism
Excretion

Question 2

Pharmacodynamics

Answer 2

The effects of drugs on the body
Drug mechanisms in the body
Biochemical and physiological effects of a drug

Question 3

Absorption

Answer 3

From the GI tract (oral) or site of absorption, into the bloodstream

Question 4

Distribution

Answer 4

The movement of the drug to the metabolic site

Question 5

Metabolism

Answer 5

Utilization of drug through metabolism, usually in the liver or kidneys

Question 6

Excretion

Answer 6

Drugs metabolized in the liver are excreted through bile in the stool
Drugs metabolized in the kidneys are excreted through urine

Question 7

Interactions effects can depend on:

Answer 7

Type of medicine
Form of drug: oral, tablet, capsule
Site of absorption: mouth, stomach, intestine
Route of administration: IV, oral, subcutaneously

Question 8

Oral drugs are absorbed through the

Answer 8

GI tract

Question 9

IV medicine directly into the

Answer 9

bloodstream

Question 10

The liver is the number ___ site of drug metabolism

Answer 10

1

Question 11

There is ___% bioavailbilty in IV drugs

Answer 11

100

Question 12

Gastric emptying can

Answer 12

delay the absorption of a drug

Question 13

Chelation

Answer 13

binding of a drug to a mineral, usually a cation, that affects absorption

Question 14

Adsorption

Answer 14

binding of a drug to another substance (fibers, phytates, etc)

Question 15

Enteral nutrition can cause ___

Answer 15

Physical incompatibility

Question 16

To prevent physical incompatibility with tube feeding

Answer 16

Flush tube with water before and after medication administration

Question 17

Tube feeding may affect the bioavailability of a drug, especially the drug ___

Answer 17

Dilantin

Question 18

To prevent the bioavailability of a drug from being affected by tube feeding

Answer 18

hold tube feeding 2 hours before and after each dose so the drug can work effectively

Question 19

Albumin binds to numerous drugs, if there is a low amount of albumin in the blood then

Answer 19

there will be an overabundance of unbound drugs in the bloodstream since they cannot bind albumin

Question 20

Foods such as ___ can inhibit drug metabolism which is dangerous because

Answer 20

grapefruit, there will be more drugs in the circulation leading to a possible toxicity

Question 21

Nutrients such as ___ can affect excretion

Answer 21

Na

Question 22

If Na is resorbed in the kidneys due to low intake, then ___ will be too

Answer 22

Lithium

Question 23

MAOI’s inhibit ___
To prevent this:

Question 24

MAOI’s inhibit ___
To prevent this:

Answer 24

Tyramine, avoid tyramine foods such as fermented foods and drinks, pickled foods, fava beans, aged cheese and cured meats)

Question 25

Vitamin E/Omega 3’s and ____ are all anticoagulants/blood thinners
To prevent this:

Answer 25

Warfarin, avoid taking them all at once

Question 26

Alcohol and ___ should not be taken together

Answer 26

NSAID’s, depressants, hepatoxic drugs, morphine, insulin

Question 27

Caffeine and depressants can

Answer 27

damage the central nervous system due to their opposing functions

Question 28

Alcohol and stimulants

Answer 28

counteract each other

Question 29

Antibiotics and calcium are an example of ___, because
To prevent this:

Answer 29

chelation, they both decrease the absorption of the other, Ca should be consumed separately from antibiotics and Ca should be avoided 2 hours before and after the antibiotic dose

Question 30

Vitamin K is a ___ and warfarin is an anticoagulant
Patients should

Answer 30

procoagulant, maintain consistent consumption of vitamin K foods

Question 31

Questran and fat-soluble vitamins are an examples of ___, because
To prevent this:

Answer 31

Adsorption, Questran lowers blood cholesterol and decreases the absorption of fat-soluble vitamins
Supplement with fat-soluble vitamins

Question 32

Laxatives ___ transit time, which can ____ potassium and zinc absorption in the small intestine due to being lost in the stool
To prevent this:

Answer 32

decrease, deplete
supplement with K and Zn

Question 33

Anti-GERD medications ____ stomach acidity, which can ____ iron and B12 absorption since they are best absorbed in an ____ environment
To prevent this:

Answer 33

lower, decrease, acidic
Supplement with iron and B12 if anti gerd medicine is used long term

Question 34

NSAIDs can cause ____ which leads to iron deficiency

Answer 34

stomach bleeding

Question 35

Antibiotics kill ___ bacteria, even ___ which is made in the gut
To prevent this:

Answer 35

all, Vitamin K
Consume vitamin K foods

Question 36

Isoniazid inhibits the nutrient metabolism of ___ to the active form
To prevent this:

Answer 36

B6
Supplement with B6

Question 37

Methotrexate inhibits the nutrient metabolism of ___ to the active form
To prevent this:

Answer 37

Folic acid
Supplement with folate

Question 38

Statins can inhibit the enzyme ___
To prevent this:

Answer 38

Coenzyme Q10
Supplement with Q10

Question 39

Potassium wasting excretion

Answer 39

excretes fluid and K

Question 40

Nutrient excretion may be increased on ____, which can also cause the excretion of ___ by interfering with ___

Answer 40

diuretics, vitamin K, resorption

Question 41

Altered sensory effects with medicine, can lead to

Answer 41

malnutrition

Question 42

Potassium-sparing excretion

Answer 42

excretes fluid only

Question 43

Dysgeusia

Answer 43

altered sense taste

Question 44

Hypoguesia

Answer 44

lowered or lost sense of taste

Question 45

Antineoplastics

Answer 45

anti-tumor medicine

Question 46

Dysosmia

Answer 46

altered sense of smell

Question 47

Hyposmia

Answer 47

lowered or lost sense of smell

Question 48

Medicine can affect the GI by causing:

Answer 48

irritation/ulceration: NSAID’s
nausea and vomiting: antineoplastics
constipation: narcotics, opioids
diarrhea: antineoplastics, laxatives

Question 49

Anorexia

Answer 49

loss of appetite: stimulants like Adderall, antineoplastics

Question 50

Increased appetite

Answer 50

antipsychotics, antidepressants

Question 51

Hepatoxicity

Answer 51

antihyperlipidemic (statins)

Question 52

Nephrotoxicity

Answer 52

antineoplastics

Question 53

Corticosteroids

Answer 53

weight gain, hyperglycemia, hypertension, decreased Ca absorption

Question 54

Excipients

Answer 54

added to a drug to preserve/stabilize them while on the shelf
inactive ingredients

Question 55

Types of excipients can:

Answer 55

have allergies
lactase and gluten sensitivity
added calories from sugar or fats
sugar alcohol intolerances