4.03 Cell Structure & Functions

Question 1

Your body, as well as the bodies of all other animals, is made up of ______.

Answer 1

cells

Question 2

describe the function of cytoplasm

Answer 2

A gelatin-like material called cytoplasm fills the cell.

Organelles float around in the cytoplasm.

Chemicals in the cytoplasm also break down large molecules for other parts of the cell to use.

Question 3

describe the function of nucleus

Answer 3

The nucleus contains all of the genetic material for the cell.

It is the cell’s command center, directing all of the cell’s activities.

Question 4

describe the function of mitochndria

Answer 4

Mitochondria provide energy for the cell.

They use oxygen to release energy from food taken in by the cell.

Question 5

describe the function of endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 5

Endoplasmic reticulum is a system of winding membranes that packages and transports materials.

It also manufactures parts of the cell membrane.

Question 6

describe the function of ribosomes

Answer 6

Ribosomes are found in the cytoplasm, and on the endoplasmic reticulum.

Ribosomes build proteins by connecting amino acids into long chains.

Question 7

describe the function of golgi apparatus

Answer 7

The Golgi apparatustakes simple materials made in the endoplasmic reticulum and processes them into more complex materials.

Once the Golgi apparatus has processed these materials, they are either stored, or sent out of the cell.

Question 8

describe the function of vesicles

Answer 8

Vesicles are small packages that store and transport materials.

Some vesicles are formed when parts of the endoplasmic reticulum break off.

These vesicles carry materials to the Golgi apparatus.

Other vesicles form when parts of the Golgi apparatus break off.

These vesicles help to transport materials out of the cell.

Question 9

describe the function of lysosomes

Answer 9

Lysosomes are a type of vesicle made by the Golgi apparatus.

Lysosomes contain chemicals that break down materials such as food and old cell parts.

The cell membrane is a protective covering that separates the inside of the cell from its environment.

Any material coming into or out of the cell must pass through the cell membrane.

Question 10

Cells can be ________ or _________. The main difference is what structures are inside the cells; especially the nucleus.

Answer 10

eukaryotes or prokaryotes

Question 11

eukaryotes

Answer 11

a cell that has a nucleus

Question 12

prokaryotes

Answer 12

a cell that DOES NOT have a nucleus

Question 13

Where are organelles?

Answer 13

they are structures in cells

Question 14

What do organelles do?

Answer 14

Organelles perform all of the tasks needed to keep an organism alive.

These tasks include processing information, providing energy, transporting materials, and getting rid of waste.

Question 15

What do organelles do?

Answer 15

Organelles perform all of the tasks needed to keep an organism alive.

These tasks include processing information, providing energy, transporting materials, and getting rid of waste.

Question 16

Eukaryotic cells have parts just like that called __________,

Answer 16

organelles

These are like little organs inside the cell, and each one is responsible for a different function. Both plant and animal cells have organelles, but they aren’t exactly the same.

Question 17

Plants have _______ ________ made of a strong material called cellulose

Answer 17

cell walls

Question 18

What are cell walls?

Answer 18

a rigid layer that surrounds the cell membrane of plant cells

Question 19

Animal cells have something that acts like a security guard and must decide who is allowed to enter and exit. What is this called?

Answer 19

cell membrane - membrane surrounding a cell that controls which substances pass in and out of a cell.

Cells need food particles, water, and oxygen, so these enter through the cell membrane.

Waste leaves through the cell membrane.

Question 20

chloroplasts

Answer 20

green structures inside plant cells where photosynthesis takes place.

These green structures inside plant cells capture sunlight and change it into a form of energy cells can use to make food.

Question 21

cytoplasm

Answer 21

in both animal & plant cells and is kinds of like a water taxi.

the thick, watery, clear, gel-like fluid within a living cell, excluding the nucleus

It fills the region between the cell membrane and the nucleus.

The cytoplasm is in constant motion and carries the nucleus and other organelles.

Question 22

What are the real powerhouses of the cell? Both plant & animal

Answer 22

They’re the mitochondria.

They are rod-shaped structures that carry out cellular respiration.

This process is when the mitochondria release energy that the cell uses to live and function properly.

Question 23

A cell doesn’t have a brain, but it has something similar: a ________.

Answer 23

nucleus [both plant & animal cells]

This is like a control center that tells all the parts of the cell what to do.

It contains the genetic information for the organism.

The nucleus is a large, oval structure surrounded by cytoplasm.

Question 24

vacuoles

Answer 24

water-filled sacs inside a living cell that store food, water, nutrients, and waste

Question 25

Remember: plump ________ make happy plants.

Answer 25

Vacuoles in plant cells are typically much larger than the ones found in animal cells because they support the plant’s structure (along with the cell wall).

If you have a drooping plant, you can bet that the vacuole has shrunk due to the lack of water.

Question 26

What are the three main differences between plant and animal cells?

Answer 26

Plant cells have cell walls for extra support.

They have chloroplasts for photosynthesis.

And they have larger vacuoles to store water.

Question 27

Mitochondria:

Answer 27

rod-shaped structures where cellular respiration takes place inside living cells

Question 28

Nucleus:

Answer 28

a large oval structure that directs all of the cell’s activities; only found in eukaryotes

Question 29

Organelle:

Answer 29

any organized or specialized structure within a living cell