4.03 Cell Structure & Functions Flashcards
Your body, as well as the bodies of all other animals, is made up of ______.
cells
describe the function of cytoplasm
A gelatin-like material called cytoplasm fills the cell.
Organelles float around in the cytoplasm.
Chemicals in the cytoplasm also break down large molecules for other parts of the cell to use.
describe the function of nucleus
The nucleus contains all of the genetic material for the cell.
It is the cell’s command center, directing all of the cell’s activities.
describe the function of mitochndria
Mitochondria provide energy for the cell.
They use oxygen to release energy from food taken in by the cell.
describe the function of endoplasmic reticulum
Endoplasmic reticulum is a system of winding membranes that packages and transports materials.
It also manufactures parts of the cell membrane.
describe the function of ribosomes
Ribosomes are found in the cytoplasm, and on the endoplasmic reticulum.
Ribosomes build proteins by connecting amino acids into long chains.
describe the function of golgi apparatus
The Golgi apparatustakes simple materials made in the endoplasmic reticulum and processes them into more complex materials.
Once the Golgi apparatus has processed these materials, they are either stored, or sent out of the cell.
describe the function of vesicles
Vesicles are small packages that store and transport materials.
Some vesicles are formed when parts of the endoplasmic reticulum break off.
These vesicles carry materials to the Golgi apparatus.
Other vesicles form when parts of the Golgi apparatus break off.
These vesicles help to transport materials out of the cell.
describe the function of lysosomes
Lysosomes are a type of vesicle made by the Golgi apparatus.
Lysosomes contain chemicals that break down materials such as food and old cell parts.
The cell membrane is a protective covering that separates the inside of the cell from its environment.
Any material coming into or out of the cell must pass through the cell membrane.
Cells can be ________ or _________. The main difference is what structures are inside the cells; especially the nucleus.
eukaryotes or prokaryotes
eukaryotes
a cell that has a nucleus
prokaryotes
a cell that DOES NOT have a nucleus
Where are organelles?
they are structures in cells
What do organelles do?
Organelles perform all of the tasks needed to keep an organism alive.
These tasks include processing information, providing energy, transporting materials, and getting rid of waste.
What do organelles do?
Organelles perform all of the tasks needed to keep an organism alive.
These tasks include processing information, providing energy, transporting materials, and getting rid of waste.
Eukaryotic cells have parts just like that called __________,
organelles
These are like little organs inside the cell, and each one is responsible for a different function. Both plant and animal cells have organelles, but they aren’t exactly the same.
Plants have _______ ________ made of a strong material called cellulose
cell walls
What are cell walls?
a rigid layer that surrounds the cell membrane of plant cells
Animal cells have something that acts like a security guard and must decide who is allowed to enter and exit. What is this called?
cell membrane - membrane surrounding a cell that controls which substances pass in and out of a cell.
Cells need food particles, water, and oxygen, so these enter through the cell membrane.
Waste leaves through the cell membrane.
chloroplasts
green structures inside plant cells where photosynthesis takes place.
These green structures inside plant cells capture sunlight and change it into a form of energy cells can use to make food.
cytoplasm
in both animal & plant cells and is kinds of like a water taxi.
the thick, watery, clear, gel-like fluid within a living cell, excluding the nucleus
It fills the region between the cell membrane and the nucleus.
The cytoplasm is in constant motion and carries the nucleus and other organelles.
What are the real powerhouses of the cell? Both plant & animal
They’re the mitochondria.
They are rod-shaped structures that carry out cellular respiration.
This process is when the mitochondria release energy that the cell uses to live and function properly.
A cell doesn’t have a brain, but it has something similar: a ________.
nucleus [both plant & animal cells]
This is like a control center that tells all the parts of the cell what to do.
It contains the genetic information for the organism.
The nucleus is a large, oval structure surrounded by cytoplasm.
vacuoles
water-filled sacs inside a living cell that store food, water, nutrients, and waste
