40 - Population and Ecology and Distribution

Question 1

organismal structure, physiology , behavior meet Environmental challenges

Answer 1

Organismal

Question 2

Factors that affect population size and how / why it changes over time (a group of animals of the same species living within an area)

Answer 2

Population

Question 3

Interactions between species (groups of different species living in the same area)

Answer 3

Community

Question 4

Energy flow and chemical cycling between organisms and environment (community of organism in the same place)

Answer 4

Ecosystem

Question 5

Factors controlling exchange of energy, materials, and organisms across ecosystems (connects ecosystems

Answer 5

Landscape

Question 6

Biospheres (sum of planet and all its ecosystems)

Answer 6

Global

Question 7

4 things affect the climate of different places on earth.

Answer 7

Solar Energy
Rain
Temperature
Atmosphere

Question 8

Rain

Answer 8

Areas with abundant rainfall have a different climate than arid regions. Rainfall depends on factors like prevailing winds, ocean currents, and topography. Areas with high rain levels usually have more vegetation and biodiversity plus water is necessary for life.

Question 9

Solar Energy

Answer 9

Depends on the latitude of the location, but sunlight concentration affects the temperature of that area the closer to the equator, the closer to the sun, meaning that area has the highest concentration of solar energy, making it warmer. Go north and south up the latitude line, and the temperature decreases.

Question 10

Atmosphere

Answer 10

The composition and behavior of the atmosphere influence climate. Greenhouse gases (such as carbon dioxide and water vapor) trap heat, leading to the greenhouse effect. Human activities, such as burning fossil fuels, contribute to increased greenhouse gas concentrations, affecting global temperatures. Atmospheric circulation patterns, jet streams, and pressure systems also shape regional climates.

Question 11

Temperature

Answer 11

Is determined by latitude and longitude. The more elevation an area has, the cooler it usually is, and the closer to the equator, the warmer it is

Question 12

How does latitude affect terrestrial biomes?

Answer 12

The closer to the equator the biome is latitudinal the warmer the biome is because it is receiving more solar energy. The further away the biome is latitudinally both north and south, the less solar energy the biome is receiving meaning it likely to be cooler than one closer to the equator.

Question 13

(characterized by climate variation/characteristics)

Major climatic features

Predominant vegetation

Strongly associated with latitude

Different plants in desert vs mountains vs hills

Climate influence distribution of species on Land

Change as move latitudinally

Answer 13

Terrestrial Biomes

Question 14

Characterized by physical and chemical factors (know)

Salt or freshwater

Flow or still

Depth (and thus light and temperature inputs)

Distance from land/shore

Answer 14

Aquatic Biomes

Question 15

What are the limitations of species distribution?

Answer 15

Dispersal
Biotic
Abiotic

Question 16

Dispersal

Answer 16

Movement of individual species and gametes

Once it disperses to a new cite

Can it survive?

Can it reproduce?

Question 17

Species distribution - Biotic

Answer 17

Competition / Predator / Animals

Disease / Parasites

Question 18

Species distribution - abiotic

Answer 18

Wind

Rain

Sunlight

Atmosphere

Space

Sunlight

Climate

Question 19

4 key feature populations

Answer 19

Size
Density
Dispersion
Age distribution

Question 20

Size

Answer 20

Number of individuals(total population)

Question 21

Density

Answer 21

Number of individuals in a certain space (habitat/ecosystem)

Question 22

Dispersion

Answer 22

How they are spaced out across the range (different from dispersal) / The pattern of spacing among individuals within the boundaries of the population

Question 23

Age distribution

Answer 23

the proportion of individuals at each age

Question 24

What factors affect population density

Answer 24

Increase - Immigration and Births
Deacreas - Emigration and Deaths

Question 25

Clumped Pattern

Answer 25

nutrients present in certain areas due to resources

social species (heard/pack)

Question 26

Uniform Pattern

Answer 26

Food sources/resources are distributed

Antagonistic- territorial

Question 27

Random Pattern

Answer 27

exactly what it sounds like

Indifferent with each other and Resources distribute

Question 28

Continuous population growth under ideal conditions

Lag phase – slow growth

Exponential phase – rapid acceleration

——– growth will reach the environments Carry capacity (K)

Starvation, disease, etc. Will slow or stop growth so the population levels out

Answer 28

Exponential Growth

Question 29

Predation

Toxic factor build-up / Toxic substances.

Disease

Decrease in reproductive rate

Food availability

Carrying Capacity

Answer 29

Density Dependant

Question 30

Environmental limitation incorporated population growth model
Growth slows and steady’s out due to carry capacity (K)

Answer 30

Logistical Growth

Question 31

Climate

Natural Disasters

Human Activities

Sudden catastrophic events that reduce the population

Answer 31

Density Independent

Question 32

R-Species

Answer 32

Have enough resources

No limiting factors

Population density is not an issue

Unpredictable and changing environment

Reproduce quickly many young.

Population density not an issue (independent)

Maximum number at a given time

Smaller in size

Mature early life

Lots offspring

Question 33

K-Species

Answer 33

Population density is a factor.

Slower reproduction

Limited resources

Better in stable, predictable environments

Parental investment (time, energy) to maximize success leads to fewer offspring required

Will not produce max number of offspring

Larger in size

Mature later in life

Lower number of offspring in one pregnacy