40 marker functionalism Flashcards
WHO TALKS ABOUT MARXIST CLASS INEQUALITY
Marx, Westward
WHO TALKS ABOUT MARXIST GENDER INEQUALITY
Benston, Zaretsky
WHO TALKS ABOUT MARXIST ETHNIC INEQUALITY
Castles and Kosack
WHO TALKS ABOUT MARXIST AGE INEQUALITY
Phillipson, vincent
WHO TALKS ABOUT FUNCTIONALISM GENDER
Murdock, Parsons
WHO TALKS ABOUT FUNCTIONALISM CLASS
Parsons, Davis and Moore
WHO TALKS ABOUT FUNCTIONALISM ETHNICITY
Patterson, Parsons
WHO TALKS ABOUT FUNCTIONALISM AGE
Parsons, Cumming and Henry
Marx (marxism class inequality)
society has historically faced divisions of power
Westergaard (marxism class inequality)
power is becoming more concentrated in society, rich and getting richer
Zaretsky (marxism gender inequality)
men need to exercise their control in the home if they do not have control of other areas of life
Benston (marxism gender inequality)
women do unpaid labour in the home and this is essential to the smooth running of capitalism
Castles and Kosack (marxism ethnic inequality)
immigrants act as a reserve army of labour in a capitalist society
Phillipson (marxist age inequality)
The elderly act as a reserve army of labour in a capitalist society
vincent (marxist age inequality)
The capitalist class manipulates the elderly into retiring and uses them as a scapegoat for societal issues
Murdock (functionalism gender)
women’s place is within the home as they are biologically different to men, their job is to child rearing due to biological functions, also they are not as physically strong as men, meaning they are not meant to work/ physically exert themselves as labour demands
Parsons (functionalism gender)
Women have an expressive caring role whereas men have an instrument working role, men are more suited to paid employment and women are suited to domestic roles.
Parsons (functionalism class)
Social inequality is functional and an inevitable feature of a social system that requires order and ranking.
Davis and Moore (functionalism class)
All societies should ensure that their most important positions are filled with the most talented people. The most important jobs need the highest rewards. Class societies are meritocracies – high income and status are guaranteed in order to motivate gifted people.
Patterson (functionalism ethnicity)
Suggests that culture clashes can occur due to different norms and values of ethnic minority groups (surrounding food, dress etc) – They are seen as ‘alien’ to White British people therefore they are feared. Patterson argues that when/if ethnic minorities assimilate they will not face inequality.
Parsons (functionalism ethnicity)
Ethnic inequalities are not the fault of the system. Discrimination is not the reason for inequalities. Refer to common value systems. Ethnic inequalities are temporary and are a result of cultural differences between immigrants and the host nation.
Parsons (functionalism age)
Argues age related differences contribute to overall functioning of the social system. Differences are key for smooth functioning of society. Age strata are functional for society Childhood socialises - Adolescence is a stage for developing independence.
Cumming and Henry (functionalism age)
- ‘Disengagement theory’ – States the process of disengagement from previous social roles is beneficial for social order, disengage from previous social roles and free up jobs for younger people (Cumming and Henry)
