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Germany - 3. The Collapse of Democracy and the Rise of Nazism > 4. Why was Hitler able to Establish a Dictatorship? > Flashcards

4. Why was Hitler able to Establish a Dictatorship? Flashcards

1
Q

During what period did Hitler establish a dictatorship?

A

January 1933 to August 1934

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2
Q

Hitler’s power between 17th and 29th January 1933

A

Limited as Hindenburg was of a higher rank than him with powers to remove Hitler from Chancellorship whenever he wanted

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3
Q

What didn’t Hitler have responsibility of between 17th and 29th January 1933?

A

The army or the law

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4
Q

What was fundamental in the victory of the conservative elite in 17th January 1933?

A

The fear of Communism

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5
Q

How many Nazis was Hitler allowed in his cabinet in 30th January 1933?

A

2

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6
Q

Political views of Hitler’s cabinet in 30th January 1933

A

Very right-wing

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7
Q

What did Hindenburg believe would happen to Hitler’s extremist views when he was appointed Chancellor in 30th January 1933?

A

They would calm down and become less extreme

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8
Q

What had Hitler’s cabinet secured control of by the 30th January 1933?

A

The three most important government positions including the police

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9
Q

What happened on the 30th January 1933?

A

The Torchlight procession of 100,000 Nazis

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10
Q

What did the torchlight procession of 30th January 1933 signal the start of?

A

The ‘national revolution’

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11
Q

Who did Hitler meet on the 3rd February 1933?

A

The army’s senior officers

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12
Q

Why did Hitler meet the army’s senior officers on the 3rd February 1933?

A

To reassure them that the Nazi regime didn’t pose a threat to the army’s poison

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13
Q

The activites of which group were considered as legal in late February 1933?

A

Activities of the SA meaning that whatever they chose to do was legal

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14
Q

The positions of which two people allowed the Nazis to control the police?

A

Frick and Goering

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15
Q

What did the SA begin in late February 1933?

A

The ‘revolution from below’ where they assaulted trade unions, KPD and left-wing politicians

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16
Q

What was banned in late February 193s?

A

SPD and Centre Party newspapers

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17
Q

What happened to communists in late February 1933?

A

They were incarcerated (imprisoned) in concentration camps

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18
Q

What period could be argued as the point where Republic was over in Germany? Why?

A

Late February because the founding party of the Republic (SPD) had their way of communicating with supporters banned

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19
Q

What occurred on the 27th February 1933?

A

The Reichstag fire

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20
Q

In the eyes of the Nazis, who started the Reichstag fire on the 27th February 1933? Why?

A

Communists to signal the start of their uprising

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21
Q

Following the Reichstag fire on the 27th February 1933, what did Hitler claim must be given to him?

A

The Reichstag Fire Decree

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22
Q

Why did Hitler want to Reichstag Fire Decree to be given to him?

A

To suspend right to assembly, freedom of speech, freedom of the press and constitutional protection to suspend all democratic behaviours

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23
Q

What did propaganda following the Reichstag Fire of the 27th February 1933 do for Hitler?

A

Made many see him as the saviour against a communist uprising

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24
Q

What Act followed the Reichstag Fire Decree?

A

The enabling act

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25
Q

What did the Enabling Act give Hitler?

A

The powers of the president

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26
Q

What key presidential power was given to Hitler following the Enabling Act?

A

The power of making decisions without passing them through the Reichstag

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27
Q

Who was the communist arrested for starting the Reichstag Fire of the 27th February 1933?

A

Marius Van der Lubbe

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28
Q

What took place on the 5th March 1933?

A

Another general election

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29
Q

Leading up to the general election on the 5th March 1933, what happened to the offices of two political parties?

A

Offices of KPD and SPD had been smashed and their funds confiscated

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30
Q

What percentage of voters supported non-Nazi parties in the general election of the 5th March 1933?

A

64%

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31
Q

What was set up on the 8th March 1933?

A

First permanent concentration camp

32
Q

Who was the first permanent concentration camp on the 8th March 1933 filled with?

A

Political prisoners that had been arrested and imprisoned by the SA

33
Q

When did Goebbels take office in the new Nazi Ministry of Propaganda?

A

13th March 1933

34
Q

What Act was given to Hitler on 23rd March 1933?

A

Enabling Act

35
Q

Why was there little resistance to the Enabling Act being given to Hitler on 23rd March 1933?

A

Because most communists and socialists were imprisoned

36
Q

Which party favoured the Enabling Act?

A

Centre Party

37
Q

What power did Hindenburg still have with the Enabling Act being given to Hitler on 23rd March 1933?

A

Hindenburg still had power to remove Hitler from chancellorship

38
Q

What did the Nazi Party carry out on the 1st April 1933?

A

The boycott of Jewish shops

39
Q

How long did the Boycott of Jewish shops originally last?

A

1 day - limited to this by Hindenburg

40
Q

How did Nazi propaganda treat the boycott of Jewish shops on 1st April 1933?

A

Nazi propaganda hailed it as a spontaneous and widespread show of patriotic feeling

41
Q

Why was the boycott of Jewish shops on 1st April 1933 a failure?

A

Because German civilians continued to use Jewish shops and it redirected widespread defiance

42
Q

What was there a huge increase in on 1st May 1933?

A

Nazi Party membership

43
Q

What was introduced on the 2nd May 1933 for workers?

A

A public holiday to celebrate workers

44
Q

What happened to trade unions on the 2nd May 1933?

A

Trade Union offices sacked and closed
Trade Unions dissolved

45
Q

What did all workers become members of on 2nd May 1933?

A

Became members of the Nazi Labour Front

46
Q

What significant propaganda stunt took place on the 10th May 1933?

A

Burning of the books

47
Q

What books were burnt during the burning of the books?

A

Books written by ‘degenerate’ authors such as Albert Einstein and Helen Keller

48
Q

Between 22nd June and 12th July 1933, what happened to most SPD mps?

A

They were imprisoned or fled

49
Q

How did the SPD manage to continue after 12th July?

A

They continued on exile (working in another country)

50
Q

What name was the SPD working under when they were in exile?

A

SOPADE

51
Q

What did parties other than the SPD do between 22nd June and 12th July 1933?

A

They volunteered their own dissolution

52
Q

What law was made on 14th July 1933?

A

A law to ban the formation of new parties, making Germany a one party state

53
Q

What was signed on 20th July 1933?

A

A concordat with the Vatican (Pope signed approval of the Nazi Party)

54
Q

Why did the Pope sign approval of the Nazi Party on 20th July 1933?

A

To ensure that the Catholic church retained independence in Germany

55
Q

How did the Pope ensure that the Catholic Church would retain independence in Germany after 20th July 1933?

A

Told Nazis that they couldn’t interfere with Catholic education, Catholic youth groups and Catholic clergy

56
Q

What did Hitler withdraw from on 14th October 1933?

A

The World Disarmament Conference

57
Q

How did the allies react to Hitler seeking rearmament on 14th October 1933? How did Hitler react to this?

A

Allies refused to allow German rearmament but Hitler ignored this and left the League of Nations

58
Q

What percentage of the vote did the Nazi Party receive in the general election of 12th November 1933?

A

92%

59
Q

Why is it unlikely that the general election of 12th November 1933 was representative?

A

Because many parties had been banned and no new parties could be formed

60
Q

What Law did Hitler introduce on 30th January 1934?

A

Law for the Reconstruction of the Reich

61
Q

What did the Law for the Reconstruction of the Reich abolish?

A

Abolished state assemblies and restricted all forms of local government, centralising the German government

62
Q

What did Papen want to bring to an end on 17th June 1934?

A

The ‘revolution’, directly criticising the SA

63
Q

When did the night of the long knives take place?

A

Between 30th June and 2nd July 1934

64
Q

What did Hitler do with the cooperation of the army during the night of the long knives?

A

Arrested and executed SA troops
Executed Rohm (SA leader)
Executed old enemies of Hitler

65
Q

Example of two old enemies of Hitler killed during the night of the long knives

A

Schleicher and Strasser

66
Q

How many people were arrested during the night of the long knives?

A

Over 1000

67
Q

How many people were executed during the night of the long knives?

A

85

68
Q

How did Hitler justify the execution of Rohm at the night of the long knives?

A

By saying that Rohm was planning a coup to overthrow the Nazi government

69
Q

What happened to Hindenburg on the 2nd August 1934?

A

He died

70
Q

What law did Hitler draw up before the death of Hindenburg?

A

A law that amalgamates (combines) the role of the president and chancellor. Hindenburg signed it

71
Q

Hitler’s title after Hindenburg’s death

A

Fuhrer

72
Q

Who did the army swear an oath to after Hindenburg’s death?

A

Hitler

73
Q

Significance of army swearing oath to Hitler

A

Layer down foundation for future cooperation of the army at all stages of Hitler!s rule

74
Q

Why did a referendum take place on the 19th August 1934?

A

To let the German people choose on whether Hitler should have the combined role of president and chancellor

75
Q

What had Hitler gained by gaining role of president and chancellor on 19th August 1934?

A

Complete executive and legislative power

Germany - 3. The Collapse of Democracy and the Rise of Nazism (4 decks)

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