4. Virtualization and Cloud Computing (11%) Flashcards
Private Cloud
purchase virtualization software to set up individual clouds within their own network
- eliminates many of the features that companies want from the cloud, such as rapid scalability and eliminating the need to purchase and manage computer assets
Public Cloud
These clouds offer the best in scalability, reliability, flexibility, geographical independence, and cost effectiveness
- For example, if the client needs more resources, it simply scales up and uses more
Hybrid Cloud
This gives the client the great features of a public cloud while simultaneously allowing for the storage of more sensitive information on the private cloud
Community Cloud
These are created when multiple organizations with common interests combine to create a cloud.
- The economies of scale and flexibility won’t be as great as with a public cloud, but that’s the trade- off for better security.
Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)
is a lot like paying for utilities— the client pays for what it uses
- requires the most network management expertise from the client
- considered a host application
Platform as a Service (PaaS)
adds a layer to IaaS that includes software development tools such as runtime environments
- This frees up the software developer to focus on building their application and scaling it
- Examples include Google App Engine, Microsoft Azure, Red Hat OpenShift, Amazon Web Services (AWS) Elastic Beanstalk, Engine Yard, and Heroku
- considered a build application
Software as a Service (SaaS)
handles the task of managing software and its deployment, and includes the platform and infrastructure as well
- The advantage of this model is to cut costs for software ownership and management; clients typically sign up for subscriptions to use the software and can renew as needed
- the model used by Google Docs, Microsoft Office 365, and even storage solutions such as Dropbox
- considered a consumer application
Shared Resources
the pooling of computing resources to server multiple users or tenants
Metered Utilization
shows how much a client has used (the cloud) and will be billed for
- suppliers track usage and charge accordingly
Rapid Elasticity
the ability of cloud computing systems to scale resources up or down quickly and automatically in response to changing demand
- scale up without needing to purchase, install, and configure new hardware
High availability
the ability of cloud computing systems to ensure that services and resources are accessible and operational for users when needed
- uninterrupted and responsive service
File Synchronization
the process of ensuring that files and data are consistently updated and mirrored across multiple devices or locations
- If changes are made to one, the other copy gets updated accordingly
Virtual desktop infrastructure
(VDI)
a term that encompasses the software and hardware needed to create the virtual environment
- can be on premises in the same building as the company using it, or in the cloud
Virtual NICs
is controlled by the virtual machine, controls access to other virtual machines on the same system as well as access to the physical NIC
Virtual Sandbox
is a temporary, isolated desktop environment
- Think of it as a temporary, somewhat limited virtual machine
- When this gets shut down, so does the app and any data associated with it
Test Development
a virtual machine, with a developer looking to create and test applications as they are works in progress
- Apps can be tested in virtualized versions of the same OS that the developer is working on, or in a different OS virtualized on the same computer
Application Virtualization
is a common use of virtual machines as well
- takes one of two forms: Legacy software/OS & Cross-platform virtualization
Legacy software/OS
basically old, outdated software
Cross-platform virtualization
It allows programs coded for one type of hardware or operating system to work on another that it’s not designed to work on
- For example, an app designed for macOS could work in a virtualized version of that OS within a Windows- based server
Resource Requirements
Same importance as an computer’s performance
- multiple CPU cores
- CPU processor support (VT or AMD-V)
- A lot of RAM
- Decent Hard drive space
- A NIC card
Virtualization Security
- Disable virtualizaiton in the BIOS/UEFI settings
- Harden VMs by using a vTPM
- Virtual Machine (VM) Escape
Client-Side Virtualization
running virtual machines directly on the end-user device
Cloud Computing
using remote servers on the internet to store, manage, and process data rather than relying on a local server or personal computer
Hypervisor
is a software layer that allows multiple operating systems to run on a single physical hardware platform simultaneously
