4. Virtualization and Cloud Computing (11%)

Question 1

Private Cloud

Answer 1

purchase virtualization software to set up individual clouds within their own network

• eliminates many of the features that companies want from the cloud, such as rapid scalability and eliminating the need to purchase and manage computer assets

Question 2

Public Cloud

Answer 2

These clouds offer the best in scalability, reliability, flexibility, geographical independence, and cost effectiveness

• For example, if the client needs more resources, it simply scales up and uses more

Question 3

Hybrid Cloud

Answer 3

This gives the client the great features of a public cloud while simultaneously allowing for the storage of more sensitive information on the private cloud

Question 4

Community Cloud

Answer 4

These are created when multiple organizations with common interests combine to create a cloud.

• The economies of scale and flexibility won’t be as great as with a public cloud, but that’s the trade- off for better security.

Question 5

Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)

Answer 5

is a lot like paying for utilities— the client pays for what it uses

• requires the most network management expertise from the client
• considered a host application

Question 6

Platform as a Service (PaaS)

Answer 6

adds a layer to IaaS that includes software development tools such as runtime environments

• This frees up the software developer to focus on building their application and scaling it
• Examples include Google App Engine, Microsoft Azure, Red Hat OpenShift, Amazon Web Services (AWS) Elastic Beanstalk, Engine Yard, and Heroku
• considered a build application

Question 7

Software as a Service (SaaS)

Answer 7

handles the task of managing software and its deployment, and includes the platform and infrastructure as well

• The advantage of this model is to cut costs for software ownership and management; clients typically sign up for subscriptions to use the software and can renew as needed
• the model used by Google Docs, Microsoft Office 365, and even storage solutions such as Dropbox
• considered a consumer application

Question 8

Shared Resources

Answer 8

the pooling of computing resources to server multiple users or tenants

Question 9

Metered Utilization

Answer 9

shows how much a client has used (the cloud) and will be billed for

• suppliers track usage and charge accordingly

Question 10

Rapid Elasticity

Answer 10

the ability of cloud computing systems to scale resources up or down quickly and automatically in response to changing demand

• scale up without needing to purchase, install, and configure new hardware

Question 11

High availability

Answer 11

the ability of cloud computing systems to ensure that services and resources are accessible and operational for users when needed

• uninterrupted and responsive service

Question 12

File Synchronization

Answer 12

the process of ensuring that files and data are consistently updated and mirrored across multiple devices or locations

• If changes are made to one, the other copy gets updated accordingly

Question 13

Virtual desktop infrastructure
(VDI)

Answer 13

a term that encompasses the software and hardware needed to create the virtual environment

• can be on premises in the same building as the company using it, or in the cloud

Question 14

Virtual NICs

Answer 14

is controlled by the virtual machine, controls access to other virtual machines on the same system as well as access to the physical NIC

Question 15

Virtual Sandbox

Answer 15

is a temporary, isolated desktop environment

• Think of it as a temporary, somewhat limited virtual machine
• When this gets shut down, so does the app and any data associated with it

Question 16

Test Development

Answer 16

a virtual machine, with a developer looking to create and test applications as they are works in progress

• Apps can be tested in virtualized versions of the same OS that the developer is working on, or in a different OS virtualized on the same computer

Question 17

Application Virtualization

Answer 17

is a common use of virtual machines as well

• takes one of two forms: Legacy software/OS & Cross-platform virtualization

Question 18

Legacy software/OS

Answer 18

basically old, outdated software

Question 19

Cross-platform virtualization

Answer 19

It allows programs coded for one type of hardware or operating system to work on another that it’s not designed to work on

• For example, an app designed for macOS could work in a virtualized version of that OS within a Windows- based server

Question 20

Resource Requirements

Answer 20

Same importance as an computer’s performance

• multiple CPU cores
• CPU processor support (VT or AMD-V)
• A lot of RAM
• Decent Hard drive space
• A NIC card

Question 21

Virtualization Security

Answer 21

• Disable virtualizaiton in the BIOS/UEFI settings
• Harden VMs by using a vTPM
• Virtual Machine (VM) Escape

Question 22

Client-Side Virtualization

Answer 22

running virtual machines directly on the end-user device

Question 23

Cloud Computing

Answer 23

using remote servers on the internet to store, manage, and process data rather than relying on a local server or personal computer

Question 24

Hypervisor

Answer 24

is a software layer that allows multiple operating systems to run on a single physical hardware platform simultaneously