4 Thoracic Anatomy Flashcards
What is the ratio of the IVD height to VB height and how does it affect the spine?
- 1:5
- account for decrease in mobility
Which segments of the thoracic spine contain paired costal demi-facets?
- All T segments except for T10, T11, and T12
Describe the function of the demi facets?
- Superior - located at root of pedicle
- articulates with corresponding rib
- Inferior - located anterior to the vertebral notch
- articulates with the rib below
Describe the pedicles and Laminae
- Pedicles protrude directly posterior
- make vertebral column more narrow
- Laminae higher than wider “tiles on the roof:
- Limit extension
What is the placement of the superior and inferior facet?
- Superior - face slightly convex and posteriorly oriented 60 degrees from horiztal plane and 20 from frontal plane
- Inferior facets slightly concave and face anterior, slight anteriorm and medially to match superior facets of vertebra below
What is the rule of 3’s?
- T1-3 Same
- 4-6 Half
- 7-9 Whole
- 10 whole
- 11 half
- 12 same
What are the 3 parts of the sternum?
- Manubirum
- Body
- Xiphoid process
Describe the ribs
- Articulate anteriorly with the sternum and posteriorly witht he thoracic vertebrae
- 12 pairs of ribs
- 1st 7 pairs connected to sternum via costal cartilage
- Fasle ribs (vertebraosternal)
- last 5 pairs of ribs
- 8 9 10 joint by cartiage at 7
- Floating ribs 11 and 12 False (no attachment)
What does each level of the T spine contain?
- 6 Synovial joints
- 2 facet joints
- costovertebral
- Costotransverse
- Innervated/nociceptive nerve endings
What is the movement of the facets in flexion, extension, and rotation?
- upward gliding = flexion
- Downward gliding = extension
- Sideways gliding = rotation
What are the costovertebral joints?
- Synovial joints
- formed between head of ribs and thoracic vertebral bodies and interposted IV dic
- 1 10 11 and 12 articulate with single vertebral vody
Since ribs attached to IVD, can disrupt disc with trauma
Describe the costotranverse joint structure
- Upper joints = Convex/Cave
- Lower joints = PLanar
- Allows for spin/rotation of ribs in UPPER T SPINE
- SLIDE (elevation/depression) of ribs in lower T spine
What are the neural arch ligaments and where are they located?
- Ligamentum flavum yellow
- Interspinous ligament red
- Supraspinous ligament blue
- Interspinous ligament
Function as a single unit
What are the capsular ligaments?
- Represents a bridge between neural arch ligaments and those of the vertebral body
- Capsule reinforced dorsally by multifdus and ventrally by ligamentum flavum
What the deep muscles of the back?
- Intertransversarii
- covers intertransverse ligaments
- Levatores Costarum
- Lifts ribs
- Rotatores
- Multifidus
