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MSK III > 1 C Spine Biomechanics > Flashcards

1 C Spine Biomechanics Flashcards

1
Q

What is normal lordosis extension of the C spine?

A
  • 30-35 degrees
  • Approximates facets joints and narrows down central canal of spine
  • potential loading and challenges with degeneration
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2
Q

What is the Crainiocervical motion for flexion?

A
  • Combined 40-50
  • OA 5
  • AA 5
  • Lower Cervical 35-40
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3
Q

What is the Crainiocervical motion for Extension?

A
  • Combined 70-80
  • OA 10
  • AA 10
  • Lower Cervical 55-60
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4
Q

What is the Crainiocervical motion for Rotation?

A
  • Combined 65-75
  • OA —
  • AA 35-45
  • Lower Cervical 30-35
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5
Q

What is the Craniocervical motion for sidebending?

A
  • Combined 35-40
  • OA 5
  • AA –
  • Lower Cervical 30-35
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6
Q

Where is the greatest segmental motion and most common site for DJD?

A
  • C4-5
  • C5-6
  • C6-7
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7
Q

Type 1 mechanics C Spine

A

Rotation and sidebend occur in opposite directions

Upper C spine

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8
Q

Type 2 Mechanics C Spine

A

Roation and sidebend occure on the side sides

Lower C spine

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9
Q

Type 3 Mechanics

A

Motion in 1 plane reduces motion in all remaining planes

Ex) head flexion causes less rotation of the head (isolates C1-2)

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10
Q

Describe the Arthrokinematics of the OA joint with Flexion

A

Occiptal condyles roll ANTERIOR and glide POSTERIOR

“YES/nodding”

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11
Q

Describe the Arthrokinematics of the OA joint with Extension

A

Occipital condyles roll POSTERIOR and glide ANTERIOR

“YES/nodding”

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12
Q

Limits to movement of the OA joint?

A

Articular capules, OA membranes, Ligaments

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13
Q

Describe the movements of the AA joint

A

“No/Shaking”

Full rotation can cause stretch to artieries

Twist and turn around the dens

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14
Q

What are the limits to the AA joint

A
  • Alar ligaments
  • apophyseal joint tension
  • Muscles
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15
Q

What ist he function of the Alar Ligament?

A
  • Stabilizes occiput with rotation
  • Lateral dens to medial aspect of occiptal condyle
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16
Q

What is the function of the Transverse ligament?

A
  • Prevents anterior migration C1 on C2
  • Lhermitte’s sign - Reuslts in potential cord sign/electrical shock down arms/backs/letgs
  • Holds C1 against the dens
17
Q

What is the funciton of the Tectoral membrane?

A

Stability in Upper cervical region

PLL

18
Q

Describe the Vertebral and Carotid Arteries with movement of the neck

A
  • VERTEBRAL ARTERY
  • Enter the foramen at C6 and up to C2
  • Not conclusive if Ipsilateral or Contralateral BF is affected

CAROTID ARTERY

  • LEss affected by movement
  • Impaired by CV disease, infection, trauma
19
Q

What is the role of the Facet and ZPJ during flexion and exension?

A
  • Facilitate sluding motion + combined moviton of rotation and sidebending

45 degree angle

20
Q

Describe Extension of the Lower Cervical Spine

A
  • INFERIOR articular facet slide POSTERIOR and INFERIOR on superior articular facet
  • Maximized contact with facet and ZPJ
  • CLOSED PACKED POSITION
21
Q

Describe flexion of the lower cervical spine

A
  • OPEN PACKED
  • Superior/Anterior sliding of facet (opening)
  • Maximizes space of spinal cord in flexion
22
Q

Describe the movement of Protraction/Retraction

A

Protraction: Flexes LOWER C spine and extends UPPER C spine

Retraction: Flexion in UPPER C spine and extension LOWER C Spine

23
Q

Desribe Laterl Flexion and Rotation of the Lower C spine

A
  • 30-35 degrees of lateral flexion
  • do not occur in isolation (work together)

Rotation (R): to one side slides R facet POSTERIOR and INFERIOR

CLOSING motion

Sidebeind (R): Posterior inferior glide of R facet . Anterior superior glide of L facet

Closing on R, opening on L

24
Q

What is upper Crossed Syndrome/postural dysfunction?

A
  • Related to protration (forward head position)
  • causes:
    • Increased upper trap strain + cervical extensors
    • tight
    • weakness in cervical deep flexors
    • Muscle imbalance

MSK III (13 decks)

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