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? General Chemistry > 4. Thermodynamics > Flashcards

4. Thermodynamics Flashcards

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1
Q

what do open systems exchange

A

both mass and heat/energy with their surroundings

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2
Q

what do closed systems exchange

A

heat and energy but not mass

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3
Q

what do isolated systems exchange

A

not heat/energy or mass

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4
Q

internal energy is the average total of what

A

average total mechanical energy (kinetic + potential) of the particles that make up the system

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5
Q

what is conduction

what does it require

A

thermal energy transfer via molecular collisions

requires direct physical contact and process involves higher energy molecules of one system transferring some of their energy to lower energy molecules of the other system via molecular collisions

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6
Q

what is convection

A

thermal energy transfer via fluid movements

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7
Q

why do warm fluids move in direction of cooler fluid

A

due to differences in pressure or density

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8
Q

what is radiation

A

thermal energy transfer via electromagnetic waves

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9
Q

what is the first law

A

energy of system and its surroundings is always conserved

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10
Q

what is the equation for the first law

A

change in internal energy = quantity of heat supplied to system by surroundings + net work done by system

U = Q + W

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11
Q

what is + W

A

work done on system

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12
Q

what is -W

A

work done by system

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13
Q

what is +Q

A

heat added to system

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14
Q

what is -Q

A

heat given off by system

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15
Q

what is the second law

A

heat cannot by completely changed to work in a cycle-like process

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16
Q

what is the symbol and SI unit for internal energy

A

U - joule

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17
Q

what is the symbol and SI unit for temperature

A

T = kelvin

18
Q

what is the symbol and SI unit for pressure

A

P = pascal

19
Q

what is the symbol and SI unit for volume

A

V = m^3

20
Q

what is the symbol and SI unit for enthalpy

A

H = kJmol^-1

21
Q

what is the symbol and SI unit for entropy

A

S = JK^-1mol^-1

22
Q

what is the symbol and SI unit for gibbs energy

A

G = kJmol^-1

23
Q

for a reaction in a system with constant volume is work done

A

no work of any kind is done and the change in internal energy is equal to the heat

24
Q

for a fluid temperature is directly proportional to what

A

translational kinetic energy of molecules

25
Q

the greater the random translational energy per mole of gas what happens to temp

A

greater the temp

26
Q

how do you convert Celsius to kelvin

A

add 273.15

27
Q

increase of 1K is equal to increase of how many celsius

A

increase of 1 degree

28
Q

what is the enthalpy equation

A

H = U + PV

29
Q

what is the change in enthalpy equation

A

change in reaction enthalpy = change in product enthalpy - change in reactant enthalpy

30
Q

what does hess law state

A

adding reactions then their enthalpies can be added because enthalpy is a state function

31
Q

what is an exothermic reaction

A

system releases heat to surroundings

32
Q

what change in H does exothermic reactions have and why

A

-H

enthalpy of products is lower than the enthalpy of reactants of system

33
Q

what change in H does endothermic reactions have and why

A

+H

enthalpy of products is higher than the enthalpy of the reactants of the system

34
Q

what happens in an endothermic reaction

A

reactants absorb heat from surroundings

35
Q

what does entropy measure

A

degree of disorder in a system

36
Q

as you go from solid to liquid to gas what happens to the entropy

A

increases entropy

37
Q

what is the gibb free energy equation

A

change in G = change in H - T x change in S

38
Q

if H and S are both + what will G be

A

positive at low temp

negative at high temp

39
Q

if H is + and S is - what will G be

A

positive at all temp

40
Q

if H is - and S is + what will G be

A

negative at all temp

41
Q

if H and S are both - what will G be

A

negative at low temp

positive at high temp

? General Chemistry (7 decks)

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