4. The war of 1859

Question 1

Preperations for war

1. when did Cavour mobilise Piedmontese army

Answer 1

1. March 1859

Question 2

Preperations for war

2. what were the signs that Napoleon was beginning to get cold feet?

Answer 2

2. suggested they abandon war and instead congress of great powers to settle Italian question = displeased Cavour

Question 3

Declarations of war

1. when did Austria issue demand that Piedmont should demobilise its army

Answer 3

1. April 1859

Question 4

Declarations of war

2. Cavours refusal to demobilise army ->

Answer 4

2. Austria declares war

Question 5

Declarations of war

3. when did Austria declare war

Answer 5

3. 29 April 1859

Question 6

Declarations of war

4. what was the war known as to Italians

Answer 6

4. the second war of Independence

Question 7

The battles

1. how the war start with ‘chaos, confusion and unpreparedness’ (france)

Answer 7

1. Napoleons troops arrived in Lombardy before their equipment and provisions

Question 8

the battles

2. when and where were Austrians defeated

Answer 8

2. Magenta 4th June (french army)

Solferino 24th June (french/piedmontese army)

Question 9

the battles

3. how many french men were lost at Solferino

Answer 9

3. 12,000 (VERY BAD)

Question 10

the settlement

1. why was the war so short

Answer 10

1. Napoleon suddenly made a truce with Austria -

August met with Franz Joseph at Villafranca and agreed an armistice

Question 11

the settlement

2. why was the armistice unfair

Answer 11

2. Napoleon did not consult piedmont.

informed VE I who accepted and didn’t consult Cavour!

Question 12

the settlement

3. according to terms of agreement what would Piedmont receive?

Answer 12

3. Lombardy (first ceded to france then passed to VE I so Austria Saved face)

Question 13

the settlement

4. according to agreement previous rulers of Tuscany Modena and Parma (who had fled) would

Answer 13

4. be restored

Question 14

the settlement

5. according to agreement Austria still kept

Answer 14

5. Venetia = still powerful influence in Italy

Question 15

Napoleons motives

why did napoleon make truce at Villafranca 5 things

Answer 15

1. magenta & solferino bloodbaths = didn’t have stomach for war
2. Austria had withdraw to quadrilateral = not much hope armies could breach Austrians defences
3. Prussia mobilising along rhine frontier = could attack France/ join war with Austria
4. France = growing criticism of War
5. suspicious of Cavour = trying to get more territory?

Question 16

why did Cavour resign?

Answer 16

1. Austria still controlled Venetia

not consulted over ending of war

Question 17

how did Cavour react to end of war

Answer 17

hysterical interview with VE
insisted Piedmont should continue war
VE refuses - Cavour resigns as PM

Question 18

expanded piedmont

1. where voted for annexation by piedmont

Answer 18

1. Tuscany

Modena, Parma & Romagna (in papal states)

Question 19

expanded piedmont

3. where was it arranged that Lombardy would be handed over to France then piedmont?

Answer 19

3. peace conference held in Zurich (developed from armistice of Villafranca

Question 20

Annexation of Tuscany and Emilia

1. When did Tuscany cote for annexation by piedmont

Answer 20

1. March 1860

Question 21

Annexation of Tuscany and Emilia

2. what was new state of Emilia made up of

Answer 21

2. Modena and Parma and Romagna

Question 22

Annexation of Tuscany and Emilia

3. why did tuscany and Emilia vote for annexation by piedmont

Answer 22

3. war against Austria = nationalist feelings

provisional govs carried out extensive propaganda campaigns

Question 23

Nice and Savoy

1. why did Cavour arrange for Nice and Savoy to be handed over to Napoleon

Answer 23

1. to restore good relations

Question 24

Nice and Savoy

2. who questioned accuracy of results in Nice

Answer 24

Garibaldi (birthplace) -> prepared for military expedition but diverted by rev in sicily