1. Piedmont and Charles Albert

Question 1

Abdication

2. when did Charles Albert become King of Piedmont

Answer 1

2. 1831 (Charles Felix dies)

Question 2

CA politics

1. how does CA give the impression of being an old-fashioned ruler (4 things)

Answer 2

begin of reign

1. sign treaty with Austria threatening to attack liberal gov in France
2. Refused to pardon political prisoners (from 1821 revs)
3. Increased power of Church in Piedmont
4. Tightened censorship laws

Question 3

CA politics

2. how did CA give the impression of being a reformer (4 things)

Answer 3

1. helpful changes in trade laws - reduced duties on imported goods, signed trade treaties with other states
2. allowed non-nobles to fill senior posts in army, tidied up legal system and its laws
3. 1848-1849 granted constitution that would survive to be the constitution of united italy in 1860s

Question 4

CA motives and character

2. what did CA famously insist in the 1840s

Answer 4

2. ‘Italia fara da se’ (Italy will make herself by herself)

Question 5

CA motives and character

3. why do some believe CA was out of touch with reality

Answer 5

3. belief that he was cut out to be soldier and a leader of men unrealistic.
   lacked sustained determination and high-level abilities

Question 6

CA changing times

1. what were the changing circumstances in which CA’s policies were made

Answer 6

1. liberal influences growing.
2. from 1841 non political gatherings such as scientific conferences allowed for first time -> helped spread liberal and nationalist ideas.
3. 1840s went on pressure for liberal reforms grew

Question 7

1848 and the Statuto

1. what reforms did CA agree to (during unrest in 1848/49)

Answer 7

1. general reforms aimed to take some power away from monarchy and putting into hands of government officials

Question 8

1848 and the Statuto

3. e.g. of some of the clauses of statuto (liberal)

Answer 8

3. legal equality, equal employment opportunities (a lot more liberal than previously)

Question 9

War with Austria

1. what persuaded CA to declare war on Austria

Answer 9

1. public pressure

news that rev gov established in Venetia had voted for union with Piedmont

Question 10

War with Austria

3. where was CA army first defeated and who by

Answer 10

3. Custozza. Austrian reinforcements

Question 11

War with Austria

4. why did CA decide to re enter the war in 1849

Answer 11

4. regrouped forces

persuaded by chief minister that Louis Napoleon (newly elected president of French Republic) would come to CA’s aid

Question 12

War with Austria

5. where was CA defeated in battle a 2nd time

Answer 12

5. Novara

Question 13

War with Austria

6. What did CA’s 2nd defeat at Novara lead to

Answer 13

6. CA’s abdication

Question 14

CA’s legacy

1. CA’s defeat made what obvious

Answer 14

1. Austria too strong. Italy couldn’t gain independence without outside help

Question 15

CA’s legacy

2. CA’s major legacy

Answer 15

2. the statuto

Question 16

CA’s legacy

3. what did statuto give opportunity for / attract

Answer 16

3. active political life -
   reasonably free press,
   elected assembly,
   certain amount of civil liberty and legal equality = attracted refugees from rest of Italy

Question 17

Victor Emmanuel II

1. king of piedmont when?

Answer 17

1. 1849-61

Question 18

Victor Emmanuel II

2. king of united italy when?

Answer 18

2. 1861-78

Question 19

Victor Emmanuel II

3. when did he appoint Cavour as PM

Answer 19

3. 1852