4. The Vine

Question 1

wine species?

Answer 1

• Vitis vinifera

- North American native species (resistent against Phylloxera)

Question 2

grape variety - what is it? techniques 2? def?

Answer 2

• asexual propagation
• 2 techniques: cutting or layering
• def: individual plants of one variety can all be traced back to one single plant through series of layerings or cuttings

Question 3

Clone? def? examples?

Answer 3

• grape variety: all genetically identical
• still some variability through spontaneous mutations –> clones
• Pinot gris and P. blanc are clones of Pinot Noir (one single variety)

Question 4

how to create new varieties?

Answer 4

cross-fertilisation (male pollen, etc)

Question 5

crossing - def? genetics?

Answer 5

• def: new variety through crossing of two parents of same species
• new genetic variability

Question 6

hybrid - def? examples?

Answer 6

• crossing through different species, i.e. V. vinifera and North American vines
• Vidal in Canada, but generally rare
• graftig root stocks agains Phylloxera, also hybrids

Question 7

graftings - 2? why?

Answer 7

• bench grafting: at nursery through machine of rootstock and cane
• head grafting: established vineyard, wants to switch to grow a different variety one season - much cheaper than planting whole new plants

Question 8

Anatomy of wine - green parts?

Answer 8

• buds, tendrils, leaves, flowers, berries

Question 9

Anatomy of wine - woods? importance? examples?

Answer 9

• one-year old wood, only fruit from shoots growing on buds from one-year old wood
• • cane: 8-20 buds (longer, eg. Alsace)
• • spurt: 1-3 buds (short, e.g. Spain, Australia)
• permanent wood: trunk, arms (sometimes)