4) The UK's Evolving Physical Landscape Flashcards
What is the longest river in the UK?
The longest river in the UK is the River Severn (354km)
Where are the upland areas of the UK?
The upland areas of the UK are Scotland, the Lake District, and the Pennines in the north and north-west of the UK
What are UK upland areas used for?
Sheep Farming
Tourism
Paper-making
Where are the lowland areas of the UK?
The lowland areas are the south and east of the UK- Norwhich and East Anglia
What are the UK lowland areas used for?
Farming as the soil is very soft and fertile
What is the largest city in the UK?
London is the largest city in the UK with a population of 9.3 million (2020)
Where are large cities often located?
Large cities are often located near a water source in lowland areas
What are the UK’s 3 main rock types?
Igneous
Sedimentary
Metamorphic
How do igneous rocks form?
Igneous rocks form when magma from the Earth’s mantle cools and hardens
Where are igneous rocks located in the UK?
Highland areas
How do sedimentary rocks form?
Sedimentary rocks form when layers of sediment are compacted together
What are the 3 main types of sedimentary rock in the Uk?
Carboniferous Limestone
Chalk
Clay
How do metamorphic rocks form?
Metamorphic rocks form when heat and pressure causes rocks to become harder and more compact
Where are metamorphic rocks located in the UK?
Mountainous Regions
Where are sedimentary rocks located in the UK?
Near sources of water
When was the UK in the tropics?
300 million years ago
What did the UK being in the tropics cause?
Carboniferous limestone formed in the warm and shallow seas as sea levels were higher
When did active volcanoes erupt onto the UK?
500 million years ago
What formed the Scottish Highlands and Lake District’s mountain ranges?
Plate collisions generating hard metamorphic rocks
What are characteristics of slate and schist?
Slate is hard and resistant
Slate can easily be split into small slabs as it forms layers
Schist is made up of bigger crystals which form waterlogged upland landscapes with acidic soil
What are the characteristics of granite?
Very hard and resistant
Lots of unevenly spread joints
Impermeable
Moorlands often created on top
What are the characteristics of chalk and clay?
Chalk is harder than clay Chalk is permeable and forms cliffs Clay is easily eroded Clay forms wide and flat valleys Clay is impermeable
What are characteristics of carboniferous limestone?
Heavily affected by carbonation weathering
Permeable
What is erosion?
The wearing down of rocks as a result of being picked up and moved elsewhere
