4- The Elbow (Boesler)

Question 1

The elbow relies heavily on _______ and ______ restraints for it’s stability

Answer 1

bony congruency and ligamentous

Question 2

Which one is correctly paired with their correct joint type?

a) humerounlar (trochlea) : gliding joint
b) humerounlar (trochlea) : pivot joint
c) humeroradial (capitulum) : uniaxial hing joint
d) humeroradial (capitulum) : gliding joint
e) proximal radioulnar (radial) : uniaxial hinge joint

Answer 2

d) humeroradial (capitulum) : gliding joint

Question 3

What are the two main Posterior muscles of the arm?

Answer 3

Triceps and anconious muscles

Question 4

True or false: Subcutaneous olecrenon bursa is the most commonly injured from leaning on it

Answer 4

True!

Question 5

Which is not a lateral soft tissue?

a) biceps tendon
b) brachioradilais
c) extensor
d) supinator
e) annular ligament

Answer 5

a) biceps tendon

Question 6

[TQ} What makes up the cubital fossa?

Answer 6

pronator teres (medially), brachiradialis (laterally), and the line drawn by the two epicondyls

Question 7

True or false: In the arm, Flexors are MEDIAL and Extensors are Lateral.

Answer 7

TRUE

Question 8

Which muscles are involved in flexion?

brachialis
biceps
brachioradialis
triceps 
anconeus

Answer 8

brachialis
biceps
brachioradialis

Question 9

Which muscles are involved in supination?

anconeus
supinator
biceps
pronator teres

Answer 9

supinator

biceps

Question 10

A patient presents with a a cubitus varus with decreased carrying angle. She mentions that she was hit and had a supracondylar fracture. . What is the condition she has called?

Answer 10

Gunstock deformity

Question 11

A patient comes in with an arm injury. On radiology, there is a large translucency on anterior fat pad. What is this sign called?

a) normal
b) abnormal
c) Sail Sign

Answer 11

c) SAIL SIGN

Question 12

A patient comes in with an arm injury. On radiology, there is a small translucency POSTERIORLY. What is the likely diagnosis?

Answer 12

Fracture!

Question 13

A 24 yo patient comes in after falling on her hand. You suspect a dislocation. Which type of dislocation is most common?

a) anterior dislocation
b) posterior dislocation
c) lateral dislocation
d) medial dislocation

Answer 13

b) posterior dislocation

Question 14

A 3 yo comes in to your office. His mother apparently was pulling the child up. You note tenderness near the radial head and pain with flexion/extension. However, when you supinate and pronate the child’s arm, there is no pain. What is the diagnosis?

Answer 14

Elbow subluxation (INCOMPLETE dislocation of the head ofthe radius)

Question 15

A 58 yo male comes in complaining about tenderness at lateral epicondyle, especially with resisted wrist extension. You notice inflammation at the origin of the wrist supinator and extensors. What is a likely cause?

Answer 15

Lateral Epicondylitis or Tennis elbow

Question 16

A 58 yo male comes in complaining about tenderness at lateral epicondyle, especially with resisted wrist extension. You notice inflammation at the origin of the wrist supinator and extensors. You suspect lateral epicondylitis (aka. tennis elbow). What test do you do to perform?

Answer 16

Cozen’s test

Question 17

A 62yo m come in with inflmmation at the origin of the wrist pronator and flexors. YOu note tenderness at the MEDIAL epicondyle, especially with resisted wrist flexion. You suspect cubital tunnel syndrome, but what else could it be?

Answer 17

Medial Epidonylitis (aka. Golfer’s elbow or little leaguer’s elbow.

Question 18

What is the technical name for student’s elbow?

Answer 18

olecranon bursitis

Question 19

When we supinate our arm, what happens to the radial head? what about pronation?

Answer 19

Supinate = radial head moves anterior

Pronation = radial head moves posterior

Question 20

A 11 yo f trips and falls forward. You see her reach out to catch her self. NOOOOOO. What type of dysfunction is likely to result?

Answer 20

Posterior radial head

Question 21

35 yo comes into office with elbow pain. Pain is worse with pronation, and better with supination. What is the dysfunction?

Answer 21

Anterior radial head (it lives in supination)

Question 22

Dr. B comes in and shows you a DECREASED carrying angle. The olecrenon glides LATERALLY, but won’t glide medially. What type of ulnar dysfunction is this?

Answer 22

Ulnar Adduction

Question 23

Dr. B comes in and shows you a increased carrying angle. The olecrenon glides MEDIALLY, but won’t glide laterally. What type of ulnar dysfunction is this?

Answer 23

Ulnar ABDUCtion

Question 24

If the ulnar is more in ABduction, the wrist will be more ____.

Answer 24

ADduction.

wrist goes opposite to ulna

Question 25

(TQ) What are the Posterior Soft Tissue Structures?

Answer 25

Olecranon bursae, Triceps, Anconeus

Question 26

(TQ) What are the Lateral Soft Tissue Structures?

Answer 26

Brachioradialis, Extensor Carpi radialis brevis/longus, Annular ligament, Lateral Collateral Ligament

Question 27

(TQ) What are the Anterior Soft Tissues?

Answer 27

Cubital Fossa (Know Contents!!!), BIceps, Brachial artery, Median Nerve, Basilic and Cephalic veins.

Question 28

(TQ) What are the Medial Soft Tissues?

Answer 28

Ulnar Nerve, Wrist flexors/pronators (Pronator Teres, Flexor carpi radialis, palmaris longus, flexor carpi ulnaris) Supracondylar lymph nodes.