Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Bacteriology Lab > 4 Specimen Collection And Processing > Flashcards

4 Specimen Collection And Processing Flashcards

1
Q

Responsibilities of the lab practitioner

A
  1. Ensure that appropriate specimen management is performed

2. Recognize and reject suboptimal specimens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Macroscopic evaluation, odor

Microscopy inyerpretation

A

Preliminary report to physician

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Isolation of pure cultures, antibiogram

ID, interpretation

A

Final report to physician

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Best time to collect the specimen

A

Acute phase of infection

Before antibiotics are administered

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

How is the specimen transported??

A

Uses a container or transport medium to maintain viability of the organism and avoid hazards that result from leakage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Fundamentals of specimen collection

A
  1. If possible, collect the specimen in the acute phase of the infection and before antibiotics are administered
  2. Select the appropriate anatomic site for the collection of the specimen
  3. Collect the specimen using the proper technique and supplies with minimal contamination of the normal flora
  4. Package the specimen in a container or transport medium to maintain the viability of the organism and avoid hazards that result from leakage
  5. Label the specimen accurately with the specific anatomic site and patient information
  6. Transport the specimen to the lab promptly or make provisions to store the specimen in an environment that will not degrade suspected organism
  7. For patient -collected specimens clear instructions should be given by the authorizes healthcare personnel
  8. Notify the lab in advance if unusual pathogens are agents of bioterrorism are suspected.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Specimens used for bacteriological study

A 
Abscess
Blood
Body fluids
Csf
Ear 
eye
Foreign bodies
GIT
Genital tract 
Respiratory tract
Urine
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Lesion, wound pustule, ulcer

Preferably collected with the use of needle and syringe (aspirate) to enhance the recovery of anaerobic bacteria

A

Abscess

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Swab along the leading edge of the wound

Aerobic swab moistened with stuart’s or amies medium

A

Superficial abscess

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Aspirate from the wall of the abscess or the advancing margin of the lesion

Transferred to sterile tube or transport vial

A

Deep abscess

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

How is the blood collected for bacterial culture?

A

Venipuncture site should be disinfected with 70% alcohol and betadine for 30-60 seconds

Draw two sets from the right and left arms
Do not draw more than 3 sets in a 24hr period

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

When will you collect blood?

A

Febrile episode

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Volume of blood to be collected?

A

20 ml/set- adults
5-10ml/set-children
1-2 ml-infants or neonates

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the temperature need in the incubation of blood bottles?

A

37 degree celsius

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are the signs of microbial growth that in inspected twice a day?

A
  1. Floccular deposit on top of the blood layer
  2. uniform or surface turbidity
  3. Hemolysis
  4. Coagulation of the broth
  5. Surface pellicle
  6. Production of gas
  7. White grams on the surface or deep in the blood sugar
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Signs that there is true infection

A
  1. The same organisms grows in two bottles of the same blood specimen
  2. The same organism grows from more than one specimen
  3. Growth is rapid (18 hrs)
  4. Different isolates of one species show the same biotypes and anti-microbial susceptibility profiles
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Things to remember when collecting body fluids.

A

Disinfect skin before needle aspiration
Specimen concentration (centrifugation and filtration) may be required prior smearing and cultivation
Samples should be inoculated as soon as it is received

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Rapid diagnosting testing for CSF

A

Gram stain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Required volume of CSF

A

5-10 ml

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

How do we store CSF?

A

35 degree celsius for 6 hours

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

How will you aspirate in the inner ear?

A

Ear canal should be cleaned with a mild soap solution before performing myringotomy
Aspirate material behind the eardrum
Use swab to collect material from ruptured eardrum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

How is the specimen collected in the outer ear?

A
  1. The crust should be wiped off with a sterile saline
  2. Aerobic swab moistened with stuart’s or amies medium
  3. Swab should be firmly rotated in the outer canal to collect the sample.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

How is the specimen collected in the conjunctiva?

A
  1. Aerobic swab moistened with stuart’s or amies mediumor premoistened with sterile saline may be utilized
  2. Samples should be obtained from both eye with two separate swabs
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Collection of corneal scrapings?

A

Administer first local anesthetic before collecting the specimen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What species is detected in IUD?

A

Actinomyces spp

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Collection of foreign bodies in catheters?

A

3-7 segment is rolled 4x across the agar

Moe than 15 colonies are required to perform ID and susceptibility tests

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Best specimen for infants?

A

Gastric aspirate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Used for the examination of AFB

Should be collected early in the morning before the patient rises from the bed or takes his/her first meal

Must be neutralized within one hour of collection

A

Gastric aspirate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Recommended for the detection of H. pylori

A

Gastric biopsy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

2.5 cm swab is inserted through the anal sphincter

A

Rectal swab

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Specimen pf choice for detecting GI pathogens

A

Stool culture

  • If patient has received antiparasitic drugs the specimen, collection should be done after 7-10 days
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Collection of vaginal swab?

A
  1. Exudates should be removed before specimen collection

2. Swab (moistened with Stuart’s or Amies) the secretions from the mucous membranes of the vagina

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Collection of spx in prostate gland

A

Gland should be cleaned with soap and water

Secretions on the swab (moistened with Stuart’s or Amies) or in the tube should be collected.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Appropriately used for lower respiratory tract if a sheathed or protected catheter?

A

Anaerobic culture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Collection of sputum?

A
  1. Px should rinse his/her mouth with sterile water prior collection
  2. Should be collected through deep cough or aerosol-induced for pediatrics or uncooperative Px
36
Q

Type of sputum preferred for acid fast stains

A

First morning specimen

37
Q

Reject the spx if?

A

Gram stain reveals <25 WBC and >10 epithelial cells/lpf are seen

38
Q

Specimen of chouce for B. pertussis

A

Upper tract (nasopharyngeal)

39
Q

Upper tract (nasopharyngeal) collection

A

Flexible swab is inserted through the nose into the posterior nasopharynx and rotated for 5 seconds

40
Q

Recommended specimen for routine culture of GroupA strep

A

Upper tract (pharyngeal)

41
Q

Collection of upper tract (pharyngeal)

A

Posterior pharynx and tonsils should be swabbed

42
Q

Preferred specimen in urine

A

Clean catch midstream voided, first morning

43
Q

Improper collection of urin

A

Presence of 3 or more different organisms in culture

44
Q

True infection in urine by a pure of E. coli?

A

> 10^5 CFU/ml

45
Q

More than 10^5 CFU per ml

A

Category 3

Int: strongly suggestive of UTI

46
Q

Fewer than 10^4 per ml

A

Category 1

Int: probable absence of uTi

47
Q

10^4 to 10^5 CFU per ml

A

Category 2

Int: if asymptomatic, request for another specimen and repeat the count

48
Q

The first 15ml of the urine should be boided or expelled by the bladder before collecting ensuring urinary system as spx

A

Straight catheter

49
Q

5ml to 10ml urine should be aspirated with needle and syringe

A

Indwelling catheter (foley)

50
Q

Uses a needle for aspirating on the area above the symphysis pubis through the abdominal wall into the full bladder

A

Suprapubic aspirate

51
Q

Uses a specific type of blotting paper and should measure 7.5 cm long by 0.6 cm wide and marked at 1.2 cm from one end

A

Filter paper di-strip method

52
Q

What is preferred swabs for stool spx?

A

Dacron or calcium alginate swabs

53
Q

Ideal specimen transport?

A

Within 30 mins of collection and not longer than 2 hrs

54
Q

Ideal transport cor anaerobic bacteria?

A

Not take more than 10 mins

55
Q

Ideal transport of CSF

A

Within 15 mins at RT

56
Q

Ideal transport of blood or bm?

A

Within 2hrs at room temp

57
Q

Transport of grastric biopsy?

A

Immediately at 4 degree celsius

58
Q

Transport condition of body fluids, bone, inner ear, corneal scrapings, foreign bodies, gastric aspirate, suprapubic aspirate of urine, prostatic sample

A

Immediately at room temp

59
Q

Transport condition for abscess, outer ear, conjunctiva specimen, genital tract specimen, hair, nail or skin scrapings, respiratory tract specimen, tissue specimen

A

Within 24hrs at RT

60
Q

Transport condition of Indwelling and straight catheter

A

Within 2hrs at 4 degree celsius

61
Q

Rectal swab, stool culture, clean voided midstream urine

A

Within 24 hrs at 4 degree celsius

62
Q

Preservative of urine

A

Boric acid

63
Q

Preservative for stool

A

Refrigerated

64
Q

What to do when stool is delayed for longer than 2 hrs?

A

Add to Cary-Blair transport medium

65
Q

What specimen is collected withoutpreservative and can be refrigerated?

A

Clostridium difficile

66
Q

Holding media?

It maintains the viability of mocroorganisms present in a specimen but do nit allow their multiplication

A

Transport media

67
Q

Added to transport media to absorb fatty acids present in the specimens?

A

Charcoal

68
Q

What fastidious organisms can be killed by the charcoal?

A

N. gonorrhoeae

B. pertussis

69
Q

Transport media?

A 
Stuart’s medium
Amies medium
Cary Blair transport medium
Transgrow
JEMBEC
70
Q

Stuart transport medium color?

A

Red

71
Q

Amies transport medium color

A

Blue

72
Q

Cary blair transport medium color?

A

White

73
Q

Function of 0.025% sodium polyanethol sulfonate (SPS)

A
  1. To inhibit phagocytosis and complement activation
  2. To neutralize aminoglycoside antibiotics
  3. To neutralize the bactericidal effect of plasma
74
Q

How many days dows C. difficule is stored?

A

3

75
Q

Where can we strore urine, stool, sputum, swabs and viral specimens?

A

Refrigerator (4 degree celsius)

Note!!!
Specimens that are suspected of containing anaerobic bacteria should never be refrigerated.

76
Q

Recommended for CSF samples intended for gram staining culture and sensitivity testing

A

Incubator (35 degree celsius)

77
Q

Temp required for anaerobic culture, sterile body fluids, genital specimens and swabs for ear and eye

A

RT (22-25 degree celsius)

78
Q

Temp for sera that is used for serological studies?

A

Freezer (-20 degree celsius)

79
Q

Tenp for tissues or specimens that are to be stored for a long time

Alao used for the study of C. difficile

A

Freezer (-70 degree celsius)

80
Q

Stprage conditions:
A. Body fluids, bone spx, gastric biopsy, suprapubic aspirate, prostate
B. Inner ear
C. Abscess, outer ear, eye and conjuctiva, URT, tissues
D. Hair, nail, or skin scrapings

A

A. Plate ASAP
B. 6 hrs at RT
C. 24 hrs at RT
D. Indefinitely at RT

81
Q 
Storage conditions: 
A. Blood, , corneal, urethral in JEMBEC
B. CSF
C. Lower respiratory tract, clean voided midstream urine, catheter, urine, foreign bodies
D. Rectal swab, stool culture
A

A. Immediately at 35 degree celsius
B. 6 hrs at 35 degree celsius
C. 24 hrs at 4 degree celsius
D. 72 hrs at 4 degree celsius

82
Q

Specimen rejection?

A
  1. The information on the label does not match the information on the requisition or the specimen is not labeled at all
  2. Improper transport temp and medium
  3. Insufficient quantity
  4. Leakage
  5. Transport time exceeds 2 hrs post collection or specimen is not preserved
  6. Specimen is in a fixative (formalin)
  7. Specimen is dried
  8. Specimen has been received for anaerobic culture from a site known to have anaerobes as part of the normal flora
  9. More than one specimen from the same source except blood and from the same patient on the same day.
  10. Single swab submitted with multiple request for various organisms
  11. Expectorated sputum in which gram stain reveals <25 WBCs and > 10 epithelial cells/lpf
83
Q

Level or spx prioritization that requires quantitation

Catheter tip, urine, tissue for quantitation

A

Level 3

84
Q

Level or spx prioritization that may quickly degrade or have growth of contaminating flora

Unprotected or unpreserved

Body fluids not listed in level 1, bone, drainage from wounds, feces, sputum, tissue

A

Level 2

85
Q

Level or spx prioritization that is classified as critical

Represents a potentially life- threatening illness and are from an invasive source

Amniotic fluid, brain, CSF, heart valves, pericardial fluid

A

Level 1

86
Q

Level or spx prioritization that arrive in the lab in holding or transport media

Processing may be delayed to prioritize s more critical nature first

Feces and urine in preservative, swabs in holding medium (aerobic or anaerobic)

A

Level 4

87
Q

Critical (panic) results

A
    • gram stain and culture
  2. Gram stain suggestive of C. perfringens
    • AFB stain
  4. +blood culture
  5. Presence of S. pyogenes in surgical wound
  6. Positive antibiotic resistant bacteria
  7. Positive for Legionella. Francisella and Brucella

Bacteriology Lab (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions