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3. B The end of post war consensus > 4. Society > Flashcards

4. Society Flashcards

1
Q

Feminism

Woman’s liberation

A
  • 1970 distrupted Miss World contest, felt onjectified and threw smoke bombs at preseter Bob Hope.
  • More marches is London and Liverpool - 1971 + 1977
  • “reclaim the night’ In reaction to Yorkshire ripper.
  • demanded equal pay and free 24 hour nursieries.
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2
Q

Feminism

Radical feminists

A

believed woman were oppressed by patriarchal society and campaigned particulary on issues such as reproductive rights.

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3
Q

Feminism

Socialist feminists

A

identified clearer class dimension to womans equality and campaigned on issues that would enable woman to achieve financial independence.

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4
Q

Feminism

Birth control pill

A

Made avalible through NHS in 1971 = more widespread

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5
Q

Feminism

Rape crisis centre

A

First one opened London 1976

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6
Q

Feminism

Domestic violence act

A

1976 - made it possible for woman to take out court orders restraining violent partners.

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7
Q

Equal pay act date

A

1970

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8
Q

Sex discrimination act

A
  • passed 1975
  • ensured end to discrimination on basis of gender of marital status
  • ensure equality of opportunity in fields of employment, education + utlaw harrasment.
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9
Q

Feminism - Sex discrimination act

Equality Opportunities Commission

A
  • Set up to oversea discrimination and equal pay act.
  • could bring about court proceedings against against party it judged not to be complient.
  • HOWEVER - only launced 9 investigations between 76-83 + only 10% of claims in workplace were successful as dissicult to prove.
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10
Q

Feminism

Ways womans economic position improved during 70s:

A
  • 1971 - able to take out mortage w/out male guarantor.
  • Barbra Castle - Social Security Pensions act = more generous to woman whos contributions had been limited by care responsiblities.
  • Employment protection act 1975 = paid maternity leave + outlawed dissmisal on gropunds of pregnancy.
  • Womans wages rose from 59% to 70% of men’s from ‘70-‘77.
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11
Q

Feminism

Ongoing inequalities:

A
  • Trade unions dominated by men + sus woman in workplace would spress men’s wages.
  • Not until 1979 that TUC published charter ‘equality for woman within TU’.
  • Equal pay act = didnt resolve concerns that woman were not treated equally, employyes could make tasks slightly different thus not comparale.
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12
Q

Immigration

Immigration act

A

1971 - restricted the right of people from New Commonwealth from coming to britain - need to have garenteed job and have atleast one grandparent born in Britain.

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13
Q

Immigration

Growth of Immigration

A
  • Remained steady inflow from Indian subcontinent.
  • Events abroad caused sudden influxes. e.g. Idi Amin dictator is Uganda percecuted then expelled Ugandan asains. = exceptions from the act and 28k arrived.
  • by 1974 1 million had come to britain. 435k from India but political representation in these areas remained limited.
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14
Q

Immigration

Race relations act

A

1976 - aimed to tackle discrimination on basis of race.
* established commission for Racial Equality which had power to istigate investigations and compel witnesses to appear infront of it.

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15
Q

Immigration

National Front

A

= political party founded in 1967 by John Tyndall to oppose non-white immigration.
* became v active in parts of Londom with high immigration e.g. southall and Brick Lane.
* Popularity grew, 20,000 members by 1976.
* 1974 put up 90 candidates in general election + ‘77 described as Britains 4th largest party

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16
Q

Immigration

National Front strategies

A
  • marches and emonstrations where high levels of immigrants were living.
  • provokative and marked by violence.
  • Trades Council of East London gave details of over 100 incidents incl. 2 murders between jan 76’ and august 78’
  • Assults and robberies of Asians and African-carribeans rose by 1/3.
17
Q

Immigration

Blair Peach

A

killed 1979 when a demonstration was blocked by police.
* suspicious of police attitudes.
* was a teahcer and Anti-Nazi League member.
* he was struck on head by police truncheon (allegedly)
*

18
Q

Immigration

Racial progress in pop-culture

A
  • Justin Fashanu + john barnes - black football players more common on pitch.
  • 1978 Via Anderson 1st black player for Englnad team.
  • Reggae become more popular.
  • Local authorities began to follow mutlicultrual policies. - sought to recorgnise and respect different cultrues equally.
19
Q

Immigration

Limitations of pop culture for race relations

A
  • Football terrances - fans making monkey nouises and throwing bananas.
  • Comedians still made racist jokes e.g. The Black and White Minstrel Show = white actors ‘blacked up’ continued until 1978.
  • 1980 Commision for Racial Equality warned “Racial prejudice is still rife, and so is raial discrimination, while the response from the government has been dissapointingly inadequate.
20
Q

Immigration

Notting Hill carnival 1976

A

hostility errupted into a riot where over 300 injuried + then calls to ban the event.

21
Q

Youth

Attitudes toward youth cultures

A
  • great concern for older generations.
  • youth societies reflected social, political + economical battles going on elsehwere.
  • rejected hippie culture that had gone on before + embraced a DIY attitude.
  • punk movement created moral panic.
  • Media portrayed extreme spects - social unrest, drug use, anti-social behaviour ~ negative perception.
22
Q

Youth

Punk movement beginning

A

1975-76 heavy infulence from bands such as New York Dolls who rejected commercialism.

23
Q

Youth

Punk movement influences

A
  • Bands = Sex Pistols, The Clash, The Damned, The Buzzcocks - play loud guitar, words shouted.
  • SEX boutique by Vivienne Westwood opened sold items which heavily influenced.
  • Preformers and audiences spat at each other and violent scuffles occoured at concerts.
24
Q

Youth

Sex Pistols band

A
  • managed by Malcon Mclaren.
  • Fronted by Johnny Rotten
  • swore on live TV
  • released controvercial single ‘God save the queen’ 1977 during silver jubillee, reached no.2 in charters but BBC refusd to play it.
25
Q

Youth

Skinheads

A
  • Developed from Mod culture at end of 60s.
  • tended to be working class nd initially influenced by Jamacian culture and music.
  • Became increasingly drawn t National Front and football hooliganism.
26
Q

Youth

Football Hooliganism

A
  • growing priblem since beginning of 70s.
  • worsened over decade.
  • Became worse over the decade.
27
Q

Youth

Public Order Act 1973

A

gave police broader powers to impose conditions on public assemblies to maintain public ordr and prevent disturbances - affacted festicals, concerts and youth-orientated groups.

28
Q

Youth

Positive impact

A
  • Allowed young people to express themselves creatively and artistically.
  • Many engaged in social and political activism.
29
Q

Youth

Negative impact

A
  • huge generational conflict between more traditonal and conservative values and young new cultral expressions.
  • Rise in drug and alcohol abuse, created social and health problems, could effect whle communities.
30
Q

Environmentalism

Attitudes

A
  • Pictures taken from space had big impact on ppls views of planet, highlighted earths fragility
  • “Blue Marble’ Photo taken by Apollo 17 in 1972 = showcased earths beauty and vulnerability.
  • Counterculture of 70s rejected commercialization and consumerism + emphasised a connection w/ nature.
  • Values of sustainability gaine popularity.
31
Q

Environmentalism

Books which increased awareness of Environmentalism

A

‘Silent spring’ by Rachel Carson 1962 - decline in wildlife and chemical pesticides.
‘The Population Bomb’ by Paul Ehrlich 1968 - dramtised effects of overpop’ resource depletion and societal collapse.

32
Q

Environmentalism

TV programes which increased awareness

A
  • David Attenborough’s “Life on Earth”
  • Teddy Goldsmith’s “ a blueprint for survival”
33
Q

Environmentalism

Organisations for Environmentalism

A
  • Friend of the Earth 1969 in US spread to Britain in ‘71 = provided platform for advocacy on international scale.
  • Greenpeace founded 1971 in Canada to campaigne against whaling and nuclear testing - direct approch, protesting and confronting.
34
Q

Environmentalism

Nuclear power concerns

A
  • Many anti protsts.
  • 1957-79 = 5 incidents at statio in Sellafield, increasing public concerns on LT impact.
  • Partial nuclear meltdown at Three Mile Island, NY 1979 increased concern.
35
Q

Environmentalism

Control of Pollution act

A

1974 = enables locl authority like us to serve a notice on a person (including company) who is carrying out, or are planning to, works of conruction, demolition, roadworks, railway in order to control the noise from those operations.

36
Q

Environmentalism

Impact

A
  • Increasing awareness turned into organised campaiges, promoted widespread debates about sustainable development and pollution control.
  • Rise in care about planet - nuclear.
  • Establishment of ecology Party (Green Party), shows intergration of Environmentalism into political scene.
  • Enviromental conscious.

3. B The end of post war consensus (6 decks)

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