4. Society Flashcards
Feminism
Woman’s liberation
- 1970 distrupted Miss World contest, felt onjectified and threw smoke bombs at preseter Bob Hope.
- More marches is London and Liverpool - 1971 + 1977
- “reclaim the night’ In reaction to Yorkshire ripper.
- demanded equal pay and free 24 hour nursieries.
Feminism
Radical feminists
believed woman were oppressed by patriarchal society and campaigned particulary on issues such as reproductive rights.
Feminism
Socialist feminists
identified clearer class dimension to womans equality and campaigned on issues that would enable woman to achieve financial independence.
Feminism
Birth control pill
Made avalible through NHS in 1971 = more widespread
Feminism
Rape crisis centre
First one opened London 1976
Feminism
Domestic violence act
1976 - made it possible for woman to take out court orders restraining violent partners.
Equal pay act date
1970
Sex discrimination act
- passed 1975
- ensured end to discrimination on basis of gender of marital status
- ensure equality of opportunity in fields of employment, education + utlaw harrasment.
Feminism - Sex discrimination act
Equality Opportunities Commission
- Set up to oversea discrimination and equal pay act.
- could bring about court proceedings against against party it judged not to be complient.
- HOWEVER - only launced 9 investigations between 76-83 + only 10% of claims in workplace were successful as dissicult to prove.
Feminism
Ways womans economic position improved during 70s:
- 1971 - able to take out mortage w/out male guarantor.
- Barbra Castle - Social Security Pensions act = more generous to woman whos contributions had been limited by care responsiblities.
- Employment protection act 1975 = paid maternity leave + outlawed dissmisal on gropunds of pregnancy.
- Womans wages rose from 59% to 70% of men’s from ‘70-‘77.
Feminism
Ongoing inequalities:
- Trade unions dominated by men + sus woman in workplace would spress men’s wages.
- Not until 1979 that TUC published charter ‘equality for woman within TU’.
- Equal pay act = didnt resolve concerns that woman were not treated equally, employyes could make tasks slightly different thus not comparale.
Immigration
Immigration act
1971 - restricted the right of people from New Commonwealth from coming to britain - need to have garenteed job and have atleast one grandparent born in Britain.
Immigration
Growth of Immigration
- Remained steady inflow from Indian subcontinent.
- Events abroad caused sudden influxes. e.g. Idi Amin dictator is Uganda percecuted then expelled Ugandan asains. = exceptions from the act and 28k arrived.
- by 1974 1 million had come to britain. 435k from India but political representation in these areas remained limited.
Immigration
Race relations act
1976 - aimed to tackle discrimination on basis of race.
* established commission for Racial Equality which had power to istigate investigations and compel witnesses to appear infront of it.
Immigration
National Front
= political party founded in 1967 by John Tyndall to oppose non-white immigration.
* became v active in parts of Londom with high immigration e.g. southall and Brick Lane.
* Popularity grew, 20,000 members by 1976.
* 1974 put up 90 candidates in general election + ‘77 described as Britains 4th largest party
Immigration
National Front strategies
- marches and emonstrations where high levels of immigrants were living.
- provokative and marked by violence.
- Trades Council of East London gave details of over 100 incidents incl. 2 murders between jan 76’ and august 78’
- Assults and robberies of Asians and African-carribeans rose by 1/3.
Immigration
Blair Peach
killed 1979 when a demonstration was blocked by police.
* suspicious of police attitudes.
* was a teahcer and Anti-Nazi League member.
* he was struck on head by police truncheon (allegedly)
*
Immigration
Racial progress in pop-culture
- Justin Fashanu + john barnes - black football players more common on pitch.
- 1978 Via Anderson 1st black player for Englnad team.
- Reggae become more popular.
- Local authorities began to follow mutlicultrual policies. - sought to recorgnise and respect different cultrues equally.
Immigration
Limitations of pop culture for race relations
- Football terrances - fans making monkey nouises and throwing bananas.
- Comedians still made racist jokes e.g. The Black and White Minstrel Show = white actors ‘blacked up’ continued until 1978.
- 1980 Commision for Racial Equality warned “Racial prejudice is still rife, and so is raial discrimination, while the response from the government has been dissapointingly inadequate.
Immigration
Notting Hill carnival 1976
hostility errupted into a riot where over 300 injuried + then calls to ban the event.
Youth
Attitudes toward youth cultures
- great concern for older generations.
- youth societies reflected social, political + economical battles going on elsehwere.
- rejected hippie culture that had gone on before + embraced a DIY attitude.
- punk movement created moral panic.
- Media portrayed extreme spects - social unrest, drug use, anti-social behaviour ~ negative perception.
Youth
Punk movement beginning
1975-76 heavy infulence from bands such as New York Dolls who rejected commercialism.
Youth
Punk movement influences
- Bands = Sex Pistols, The Clash, The Damned, The Buzzcocks - play loud guitar, words shouted.
- SEX boutique by Vivienne Westwood opened sold items which heavily influenced.
- Preformers and audiences spat at each other and violent scuffles occoured at concerts.
Youth
Sex Pistols band
- managed by Malcon Mclaren.
- Fronted by Johnny Rotten
- swore on live TV
- released controvercial single ‘God save the queen’ 1977 during silver jubillee, reached no.2 in charters but BBC refusd to play it.
