4: social determinants Flashcards
Define social determinants of health
conditions in which people are born, grow, live, work and age. These circumstances are shaped by the distribution of money, power and resources at global, national and local levels.- WHO
Define determinants
a factor that decisively affects the nature or outcome of something.
List the 10 determinants of health listed in the solid facts
1) The social gradient
2) Stress
3) Early life
4) Social exclusion
5) Work
6) Unemployment
7) Social support
8) Addiction
9) Food
10) Transport
What are the sustainable development goals
first 6 particularly
1- no poverty 2- zero hunger 3- good health and wellbeing 4- quality education 5- gender equality 6- clean water and sanitisation 7- affordable and clean energy 8- decent work and economic growth 9- industry, innovation and infastructure 10- reduce unequalities 11- sustainable cities and communities 12- responsible consumption and production 13- climate change 14- life below water 15- life on land 16- peace and justice 17- partnerships for goals
Explain the who and why of the sustainability goals
- developed by the United Nations (UN) in 2015, are a universal call to action to end poverty, protect the planet and improve the lives and prospects of everyone, everywhere.
- 17 goals
- 15 years to succeed and will be reviewed at the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable development
How have the sustainability goals been going so far?
So far
< extreme poverty
< under 5 mortality
- Immunisations have haves millions of lives
- Vast majority of world has access to electricity
However there are still significant issues that need to be addressed.
- Global hunger is on the rise
- Half of the world’s population lacks essential health services
- More than half of the world’s children do not meet standards in reading and mathematics
- Only 28 per cent of persons with severe disabilities receive cash benefits
- Women in all parts of the world continue to face disadvantages and discrimination.
What are the sustainable development goals?
Goals stated by the UN cover different apects of social development, environmental protection and economic growth.
The attempt to solve and eradicate the biggest issues facing the current society.
Health
“the state of complete physical, mental and social well being and not merely the absence if disease or infirmity.” (WHO, 1948)
Who definition for social determinants of health
“conditions in which people are born, grow, work, live and age, and the wider set of forces and systems shaping the conditions of daily life” (WHO, 1948)
What are some of the forces for social determinants
- economic policies and systems (tax)
- development agendas
- social norms
- social policies
- political systems
E.g. childhood experiences, housing, education, social system, family income. Employment, our community and health care.
Health determinants
factors that raise or lower level of health.
Can the determinants of health be altered
altered (behaviours) or not (age, genetics)
negative (risk factors that increases the risk of health) or positive (protective facotrs)
Risk factors for poor determinants of health
smoking, vaping, poor diet, sedentary lifestyle, being overweight, age (more time to damage health)
Protective behaviours from poor determinants of health
healthy diet, exercise, mindfulness, education
Define social determinants of health
economic and social condition that influence health of people and communities.
- Such conditions are shaped by money , power and resources
- SDH affect factors that are related to health outcomes.
List some factors that relate to health outcomes
- Early childhood development (vaccination, education early, birth weight)
- Education (quality, length)
- Job (gain a job, attain a job, quality, income, duration)
- Work (physical labour)
- Food security (access, quality, expenses)
- Health services (quality ease of access, quantity)
- Housing status (location, do you have a house, quality)
- Money (how much, is it stable)
- Discrimination (are you equal)
Social support (network of family and friends, community, church, club) as humans we need social support
1- solid facts
1) The social gradient
2) Stress
3) Early life
4) Social exclusion
5) Work
6) Unemployment
7) Social support
8) Addiction
9) Food
10) Transport
Why and how does the social gradient effect health?
Poorer social or economic circumstances -> ^ risk of poorer health -> ^ rates of illness, disability and premature death, live shorter lives than those more socially and economically advantaged
What are the greatest impacts on social gradient
- Education
- Occupation
- Income
- Gender
Health inequalities definition
differences in health status’ of population groups that are social produced.
Hence why are unfair and only rely on what money can buy
differences in health status between population groups. E.g. ATSI and white
Health inequities are
- Are systematic differences health outcomes, differences in health status or the distribution of health resources, unfair as they are based on unchangeable health determines, Influenced by government policies
- Everyday 16000 children die before their fifth birthday. (pneumonia, diahorrea)
- Maternal mortality a key indicator of health inequity. Shows a wide gap between rish and poor and between countries.
- TB affects many in their most productive years of their life (youth) meaning they cant secure a job and income therefore lack so much else.
- 80% of premature deaths are due to non communicable diseases- drain the family leading to poverty
- Life expectancy varies 4o years between countries.
- Alarming health inequities within countries
- Health disparities can occur within cities.
- HI have a significant cost to society
- HI slow development which means sustainable development goals cant be reached.
Define upstream factors
(at a macro level) include international influences, government policies and the fundamental social, physical, economic and environmental determinants of health.
- These can include, access to housing, transport, unemployment benefits and family allowances
Define midstream factors
factors include things such as nutrition/diet, smoking, physical inactivity, mental health and depression.
- These can also be referred to as ‘behavioural risk factors’ - These can be controlled
Define downstream factors
factors are micro level and are affected by both upstream and midstream factors and include biological, physiological reactions to all of these influences.
- They affect morbidity, mortality, quality of life and life expectancy
Why is this important for us as nurses/midwives?
- Reduce the burden of disease- a care plan such as what is best to eat.
- Promote health of the general population
- Achieve health equity – everyone has the opportunity to attain their full health potential and no one is disadvantaged because of their social position or other socially determined circumstances
Recognising health determinants prevents disease, illness and injury
