3: Vulnerable populations Flashcards
Define a vulnerable population
a population who is a disadvantaged sub-segment of the community e.g. CALD, age-related socioeconomically disadvantaged, sex, LGBTIQ+, disability, incarceration.
What are vulnerable people more likey to do in terms of accessing health care?
more likely to access emergency care rather than preventative clinics.
therefore: more likely to be hospitalised.
Who falls under Culturally and linguistically diverse (CALD) populations
- ethnic minorities
- refugees + asylum seekers
- ASTI
Who falls under age-related populations
- children
- adolescents
- the elderly
Who falls under socioeconomically disadvantaged populations
- homeless
- poverty
- social disadvantage
Who falls under sex related populations
- females
- Intersex
Who falls under gender related populations
- LGBTQI+
Who falls under disability related populations
- mental health issues
- physical disabilities
Who falls under incarcerated populations
- jail
- detention centres
Define population health indicators
documents released by WHO, Aus gov or AIHW
List some social determinants affecting ATSI populations health
- diet: access due to remote dwelling
- Insufficient physical activities
- overweight and obesity
- alcohol consumption
- tobacco smoking
Define an asylum seeker
someone who has been forced to flee their own country
and apply to the government of another country for protection as a refugee, but their refugee status has not yet been assessed, verified or granted (Parliament of Australis, 2015)
Define a refugee
someone who has been forced to flew their country because of persecution, war or violence.
most likely persecuted for race, religion, nationality, political opinion or membership.
Define an IDP
An internally displaced person= someone who has been forced t flee their home but never crossed international borders.
What 3 countries have given rise to the most refugees?
Turkey
Liberia
Uganda
AIHW identify vulnerable or priority populations as those who:
- experience homelessness
- ATSI
- CALD (culturally and linguistically diverse)
- Racial/ethnic minority
- socioeconomically disadvantaged
- contact with criminal justice system
- LGBTIQ+
- mental health suffer
- older/younger
What are some risks factors for vulnerability
- unemployment women children/elderly - chronically ill/imunocompromised - poverty - CALD - eng is 2nd language - Conflict - sufferers of sever mental illness - PWD's - Geo location (rural) - Refugee/asylum seeker - lack of education
- risk factors are linked to social determinants of health
- vulnerable people are often linked to more than one risk factor.
- vulnerable populations are at greater risks of health inequities
How do we measure vulnerability?
- health status indicators
- access to services
What are health status indicators
quantifiable health characteristic of a population
- mortality (life expectancy, death rate, infant mortality, maternal mortality)
- Disability indicators (disability-adjusted life year, DALY) (Activities of daily living, ADL)
- social and mental health indicators (alcohol-related, injury rates)
Define DALY
The disability-adjusted life year is a measure of overall disease burden, expressed as the number of years lost due to ill-health, disability or early death.
Why are health indicators important?
- guide public policy
- measure health status in communities
Who collects data for health status indicators?
- WHO
- AIHW
- Institute of health metric and evaluation
Define life expectancy
the average number of years that a person may be experienced to live. (if death rates don’t change e.g no natural disaster)
- ATSI are not on track to reach equity target
Define infant mortality rate
number of death under 1 year old per 1,000 live births
Define Neonatal mortality rate
a number of deaths in the first 28 days of life per 1000 live births.
Define under 5 mortality rate
number of deaths in children under 5 per 1000 live births.
Define maternal mortality
number of maternal (pregnant women) deaths per 100, 000 live births
Explain children as a vulnerable population
- increased risk of injury
- if they lack education
- obesity
- often compounded by other risk factors such as asylum seeker, ATSI or victim of domestic violence.
Explain the elderly as a vulnerable population
- less control of their health
very diverse (gender, age, experiences)
50% have a disability
why are they vulnerable?
- prone to illness (falls, memory loss)
- lower-income (pension, homelessness, food security)
- easy target for scammers (scammers, crime-related activities, abuse)
List some of the barriers to accessing health care services
- financial
- geographical
- language
- trust
- transport/accessability
- lack to telecommunications
- stress
Why are people with disabilities a vulnerable population
they are not about to maintain the same level of health as able people.
they require regular healthcare and more
80% of PWD live in low income countries
What % of PWD are unemployed
70-80%
Discuss programs to assist vulnerable populations of the world
Mobile clinics in Yemen - deliver vaccinations
SPHERE
+ respond to mortality rates in refugee camps
+ minimum standards for refugee camps
- water supply, sanitation + hygiene
- food security/nutrition
- shelter, settlement and noon food items
- health action
AFAR
+parstroalists care program
“if they don’t come to the clinic, let the clinic be apart of the community”
e.g. send educators to teach about birth to combat neonatal death rate.
How can NAM support vulnerable populations
- educate yourself
- understand risk factors and their impact
- recognise strengths/abilities
- become an active listener
+ become culturally competent - recognise own culture
- respect other cultures
- advocate for change in organisations and systems y
