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S+F 2 > 4 - skin histology > Flashcards

4 - skin histology Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 4 main tissue types talked about in histology?

A
  • Epithelial tissue
    Connective tissue
    Muscle tissue
    Nervous tissue
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2
Q

Name the 6 steps to prepare tissue for histology

A
  1. Take sample
  2. Fixation
  3. Selection and trimming
  4. Processing and embedding
  5. Sectioning
  6. Staining
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3
Q

How do you take a sample for histology?

A

Take a sample at biopsy or post mortem

Use a needle to remove it to avoid squishing it

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4
Q

Describe fixation step in histology

A

You fix the tissue in fixative like formalin.

This hardens and preserves tissue (stops them rotting and makes them easier to cut) but you get some tissue shrinkage

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5
Q

Describe the selection and trimming step in histology prep

A

Trim the bit your interested in

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6
Q

Describe the processing and embedding stage in histology prep

A

The specimen is put through a machine that processes it and embeds it into a material like paraffin wax - so the cells are dehydrated and replaced with wax, it gives a block around the tissue and makes the tissue a similar hardness so it can be cut

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7
Q

Describe the sectioning step of histology prep

A

Take thin slices of the tissue

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8
Q

What is the standard histo stain?

A

H and E

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9
Q

Name the components of H and E stain and describe them and what they stain

A

Haematoxylin = purple/blue, its a basic dye. It binds to acids like nucleic acids so stains nuclei blue

Eosin = pink/red. Its an acidic dye. It binds to bases like proteins

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10
Q

What does Massons trichrome stain?

A

Collagen - blue

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11
Q

What does Verhoeff–van Gieson stain?

A

Elastic fibres - black

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12
Q

How do immunohistochemical stains work?

A

They use antibodies to bind to a tissue specific antigen and a second flourescently labelled antibody to bind to the first antibodu

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13
Q

What tissues does the ectoderm form?

A

Epidermis and adnexa

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14
Q

What tissues does the mesoderm form?

A

Dermis, subcutis and blood vessles

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15
Q

What tissues does the endoderm form?

A

Respiratory tract, GIT, liver and pancreas

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16
Q

What tissues does the neuroectoderm form?

A

Neurones and melanocytes (from neural crest cells)

17
Q

What are the 8 functions of skin?

A
  1. Protection
  2. Sensory
  3. Secretory
  4. Heat regulation
  5. Excretory
  6. Osmoregulation
  7. Vitamin D synthesis
  8. Display
18
Q

What are the 6 things that make up the dermis?

A 
Collagen and elastic fibres 
Fibroblasts 
Immune cells (mast cells) 
Adipocytes 
Nerves and blood vessels 
Adnexa
19
Q

What are the 2 layers of the dermis?

A

Papillary dermis (top layer) and reticular dermis.

20
Q

Name the 5 types of epithelium

A
  1. Simple squamous
  2. Simple cuboidal
  3. Simple columnar
  4. Stratified squamous
  5. Transitional
21
Q

What type of epithelium is the epidermis?

Why?

A

Stratified squamous keratinising epithelium

Because it is made up of many layers = stratified
The more superficial cells are thin and flat = squamous
The surface layer is keratin = keratinising

22
Q

What amino acid is melanin derived from?

A

Tyrosine

23
Q

What are nociceptors?

A

Pain receptors

24
Q

What do nociceptors respond to?

A

To tissue damage caused by chemical, mechanical or thermal stimulation

25
Q

Name the 2 types of sweat glands and give both names for them

A

Eccrine AKA atrichial

Apocrine AKA epitrichial

26
Q

How is sweat secreted?

A

From contraction of specialised myoepithelial cells which surround the glands

27
Q

What is sebum composed of?

A

A mix of lipid and dead sebaceous cells

28
Q

Name 4 glands that are derived from sebaceous glands

A

Meibomian glands (eyelids), heptoid (perianal) glands, uropygial (preen) glands and some specialised scent glands.

29
Q

Name the 3 types of hair follicle

A

Simple hair follicle
Compound hair follicle
Sinus hairs

30
Q

Which species have simple hair follciles?

A

Horses, cattle, pig and humans

31
Q

Which species have compound hair follciles?

A

Dog, cat, sheep and goats

S+F 2 (8 decks)

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