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N5 GEOG 23/24 > 4 - Population & Development > Flashcards

4 - Population & Development Flashcards

1
Q

WHAT IS LIFE EXPECTANCY LIKE IN DEVELOPED AND DEVELOPING COUNTRIES?

A

Higher in developed countries eg UK.​
Lower in developing countries eg Mozambique.

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2
Q

WHAT CAN LIFE EXPECTANCY TELL US ABOUT A COUNTRY?

A
  1. More money spent on healthcare including medicine, vaccines and advanced medical treatments.​
  2. Better access to clean drinking water and sanitation (removal of waste) which reduced the spread of disease. ​
  3. More nutritious food available which means children are not malnourished.
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3
Q

WHAT IS BIRTH RATE LIKE IN DEVELOPED AND DEVELOPING COUNTRIES?

A

Lower in developed countries eg UK.​
Higher in developing countries eg Mozambique.

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4
Q

WHAT CAN BIRTH RATE TELL US ABOUT A COUNTRY?

A
  1. Families are confident their children will survive so infant mortality rate is also low. ​
  2. Contraception and family planning must be widely available. ​
  3. Children are not needed to informally work in farming like the Democratic Republic of Congo for example.
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5
Q

WHAT IS % EMPLOYED IN AGRICULTURE LIKE IN DEVELOPED AND DEVELOPING COUNTRIES?

A

Lower in developed countries eg UK.​
Higher in developing countries eg Mozambique.

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6
Q

WHAT CAN % EMPLOYED IN AGRICULTURE TELL US ABOUT A COUNTRY?

A
  1. More people work in factory or services so earn higher wages. ​
  2. The country can afford to import food from other countries. ​
  3. There is a high level of mechanisation (machines and tractors) so high levels of labour aren’t required.
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7
Q

WHAT IS GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT (GDp) LIKE IN DEVELOPED AND DEVELOPING COUNTRIES?

A

Higher in developed countries eg UK.​
Lower in developing countries eg Mozambique.

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8
Q

WHAT CAN GDP TELL US ABOUT A COUNTRY?

A
  1. A country has many industries and services producing high value goods which provides higher levels of tax and more money for hospitals/schools/etc. ​
  2. More well-paying jobs which gives people more money to spend and higher rates of tax.
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9
Q

HOW DOES CLIMATE AFFECT WHERE PEOPLE LIVE?

A
  1. People prefer to live in temperate climates (not to hot/dry/wet/cold) where there is enough rainfall to provide water. ​
  2. Few people live in areas with extreme climate because it is difficult to farm eg Sahara Desert has low rainfall and high temps. ​
  3. Hot and humid climate of the rainforest makes it uncomfortable for people to live in and allows diseases to spread more easily.
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10
Q

HOW DOES RELIEF AFFECT WHERE PEOPLE LIVE?

A
  1. People prefer to live in on flat low-lying areas because it is easier to build on. ​
  2. Coastal areas allow trade to take place so people live near ports. ​
  3. Few people live in mountainous areas because steep slopes make it difficult for machinery to operate and they are hard to access.
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11
Q

HOW DO JOB OPPORTUNITIES AFFECT WHERE PEOPLE LIVE?

A

A variety of job opportunities in cities encourages people to move to find work eg Rio de Janeiro.

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12
Q

HOW DOES ACCESS TO SERVICES AFFECT WHERE PEOPLE LIVE?

A

People move to cities like Edinburgh, Glasgow, London because there is better services and amenities such as education, health care, jobs, activities and entertainment.

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13
Q

HOW DOES TRANSPORT AFFECT WHERE PEOPLE LIVE?

A

Places that are more accessible eg Central Belt have higher population densities.

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14
Q

HOW DOES WAR AFFECT WHERE PEOPLE LIVE?

A

In areas where there is conflict, people will move away on a short or long term basis to escape violence eg Ukraine.

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15
Q

WHEN WILL A POPULATION INCREASE?

A

If birth rate > death rate = population increase

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16
Q

WHEN WILL A POPULATION DECREASE?

A

If birth rate < death rate = Population decline

17
Q

WHAT SHAPE IS THE POPULATION PYRAMID FOR A DEVELOPING COUNTRY?

A

Pyramid shape

18
Q

WHAT SHAPE IS THE POPULATION PYRAMID FOR A DEVELOPED COUNTRY?

A

Bullet shape

19
Q

POPULATION PYRAMIDS: A WIDE A BASE SHOWS…

A

Largest part is young dependents – this shows high birth rate.​

20
Q

POPULATION PYRAMIDS: A NARROW TOP SHOWS…

A

Smallest part is old dependents – this shows high death rate and low life expectancy.

21
Q

POPULATION PYRAMIDS: A NARROW BASE SHOWS…

A

Smallest part is young dependents – low birth rate

22
Q

POPULATION PYRAMIDS: A WIDER TOP SHOWS…

A

Largest part is old dependents – this shows low death rate and high life expectancy

23
Q

WHY IS BIRTH RATE HIGH IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES?

A
  1. Less access to contraception and family planning. ​
  2. Women leave school at a young age to get married. This increases the length of time they can have children and prevents them from continuing their education. ​
  3. Infant mortality rates are high, so families have more children to ensure they survive into adulthood. ​
  4. Poverty means that families can send their children to work on their farm or informally for small amounts of money.
24
Q

WHY IS BIRTH RATE LOW IN DEVELOPED COUNTRIES?

A
  1. Women remain in education for longer and choose to focus on their careers. This means they might not think to have children until later in life giving them less time to do so. ​
  2. The cost of raising a child is high so families choose to have fewer children so they can afford luxuries such as family holidays, etc.
25
Q

WHY IS DEATH RATE HIGH IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES?

A
  1. Provision and access to healthcare is poor so people who are ill cannot be treated. This could be due to a lack of trained staff, or the cost of treatment is too expensive for families on low incomes. ​
  2. A lack of clean water and sanitation allow common diseases to spread. For example, cholera causes many deaths in elderly people.
  3. Poverty rates are higher in older people because they are unable to work so become malnourished. For example, in Yemen 95% of older people have no income at all.
26
Q

WHY IS DEATH RATE LOW IN DEVELOPED COUNTRIES?

A
  1. Improved diets include a variety of nutrients and protein to provide a longer healthier life.​
  2. Vaccinations have helped reduce infant mortality rate worldwide. ​
  3. Older people have access to social care, so they are cared for in old age. This allows people to live well for longer. ​
  4. Pensions are provided by the government which they can access when they retire. This helps keep older people out of poverty.
27
Q

Birth rate in the UK is…

A

Low

28
Q

Death rate in the UK is…

A

Low

29
Q

Life expectancy in the UK is…

A

High

30
Q

The shape of this pyramid is….

A

bullet shape with narrow base

31
Q

The shape of this pyramid is….

A

bullet shape with narrow base

32
Q

What is the proportion of young and old dependents?

A

bullet shape with narrow base

N5 GEOG 23/24 (8 decks)

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