1 - Weather Flashcards

Question 1

Q

WHAT IS WEATHER?

Answer

A

short-term day to dayconditions of the atmosphere

Question 2

Q

WHAT IS CLIMATE?

Answer

A

average conditions ofthe atmosphere over a longerperiod of timein any given placeeg30-40 years

Question 3

Q

HOW DOES LATITUDE AFFECT CLIMATE?

Answer

A

Latitude is the distance from the equator.
Suns energy is less concentrated the further you move from the equator.
Temperatures are cooler further away from the equator.
Therefore, London will have a higher average temperature than Lossiemouth

Question 4

Q

HOW DOES ALTITUDE (OR RELIEF) AFFECT CLIMATE?

Answer

A

Temperature drops 1 deg C for every 100m gained in height
Places at height also have higher wind speeds which increases the wind chill.

Question 5

Q

HOW DOES ASPECT AFFECT CLIMATE?

Answer

A

South facing slopes receive more direct sunlight so are generally warmer.
North facing slops will be more shaded so will be cooler.

Question 6

Q

HOW DOES DISTANCE FROM THE SEA AFFECT CLIMATE?

Answer

A

The oceans and seas heat up slowly in summer and cool slowly in winter. This means they have a more ‘steady’ temperature than the land.
places nearer to the sea are mild and wet
places further from the sea are drier, but temperatures are more extreme

Question 7

Q

TROPICAL MARITIME: ORIGIN AND CHARACTERISTICS

Answer

A

ATLANTIC OCEAN
WARM AND WET

Question 8

Q

POLAR MARITIME: ORIGIN AND CHARACTERISTICS

Answer

A

NORTH ATLANTIC
COLD AND WET

Question 9

Q

TROPICAL CONTINENTAL: ORIGIN AND CHARACTERISTICS

Answer

A

NORTHERN AFRICA
WARMER AND DRY

Question 10

Q

POLAR CONTINENTAL: ORIGIN AND CHARACTERISTICS

Answer

A

NORTHERN EUROPE
COLD AND DRY

Question 11

Q

ARCTIC MARITIME: ORIGIN AND CHARACTERISTICS

Answer

A

ARCTIC OCEAN
VERY COLD - SOMETIMES SNOW

Question 12

Q

WHAT IS A DEPRESSION?

Answer

A

A weather low pressure system or depression is an area of low pressure which moves over time.
It brings wet, windy weather and when it’s severe, is called a storm.

Question 13

Q

HOW DO YOU IDENTIFY A DEPRESSION?

Answer

A

An area of low pressure (<1004 mbar)
Isobars that are close together
A warm front and a cold front which meet in the area of low pressure

Question 14

Q

WHAT DIRECTION DOES WIND TRAVEL AROUND A DEPRESSION?

Answer

A

Generally move from west to east and wind travels in a anti-clockwise direction around them!

Question 15

Q

WHAT IS THE WEATHER LIKE BEFORE THE DEPRESSION?

Answer

A

the weather is bright and sunny with high level cirrus clouds and light SW winds.

Question 16

Q

WHAT IS THE WEATHER LIKE AT THE WARM FRONT?

Answer

A

at the warm front there are long periods of persistent rain with dense stratus cloud cover and increased W winds.

Question 17

Q

WHAT IS THE WEATHER LIKE IN THE WARM SECTOR?

Answer

A

in the warm sector the rain eases and temperatures rise as the warm air passes over. Weather can be variable with showers although strong W winds remain.

Question 18

Q

WHAT IS THE WEATHER LIKE AT THE COLD FRONT?

Answer

A

at the cold front there is a short, heavy burst of rain from cumulonimbus clouds and temperatures decrease as the cold air follows with a NW wind.

Question 19

Q

WHAT IS THE WEATHER LIKE AFTER THE DEPRESSION?

Answer

A

As the cold front begins to move away, the sky will become clear, rain will stop and the air pressure will begin to rise.

Question 20

Q

WHAT IS AN ANTICYCLONE?

Answer

A

A high pressure weather system or an anticyclone is an area of high pressure.
It brings calm, settled weather with low winds and no rainfall.

Question 21

Q

HOW DO YOU IDENTIFY AN ANTICYCLONE?

Answer

A

An area of high pressure (>1004 mbar)
Isobars that are far apart
No fronts!

Question 22

Q

WHAT DIRECTION DOES WIND TRAVEL AROUND AN ANTICYCLONE

Answer

A

CLOCKWISE

Question 23

Q

WHAT IS THE WEATHER LIKE DURING A SUMMER ANTICYCLONE?

Answer

A

very high temperatures and can generate thunderstorms.
As there are clear skies, there are no clouds to give shade to the surface of the earth and they are exposed to the sun’s energy throughout the day. This increases the temperature.
Evaporation occurs at the surface but, due to the high pressure and sinking air, it cannot move up and spread out in the atmosphere. This can cause intense thunderstorms to occur in the early evening.

Question 24

Q

WHAT IS THE WEATHER LIKE DURING A WINTER ANTICYCLONE?

Answer

A

Very low temperatures
clear skies allow heat radiating from the earth to escape into the upper atmosphere, which lowers the temperature at the surface.
Frost can form on the ground due to the low temperatures. In the early morning, there may be fog.
This is because moisture in the air is held close to the surface by the sinking air, rather than being able to move up and spread out in the atmosphere or distributed by winds.

Question 25

Q

WHAT ARE THE CONSEQUENCES OF A SUMMER ANTICYCLONE?

Answer

A

The risk of sunburn increases, which contributes to a longer term risk of skin cancer.
Water restrictions are put in place. These limit the availability to homes and businesses. In some places, 3. hosepipe bans are introduced which prevent people from using water to wash cars and water gardens.
Rail services can be disrupted as the metal tracks become at risk of buckling.
Crops suffer drought, which costs farmers millions in lost income.
Heavy rain during thunderstorms lands on dry ground. This means that it will run over the surface and could cause flooding.
The elderly and very young can suffer from heatstroke, resulting in increased demand on medical services

Question 26

Q

WHAT ARE THE CONSEQUENCES OF A WINTER ANTICYCLONE?

Answer

A

Travel by road, particularly in the morning, can become dangerous if roads are icy. Journey times will increase due to a need to drive slower and the presence of collisions on the road.
Fog reduces visibility. This can cause delays to air travel as planes cannot take off or land.
A risk of ice causes councils to spend more on gritting services. They have to employ people to grit pavements and roads and also buy enough gritting salt.