4. Polymers Of Carbohydrates Flashcards
Polysaccharide
Many monosaccharides joined together by condensation reactions
4 main types of carbohydrate polymers
1) Cellulose Starch: 2)Amylose 3) Amylopectin 4) Glycogen
What is Cellulose made from?
Beta Glucose
Types of bonds present in Cellulose?
Beta 1-4 glycosidic bonds
Hydrogen Bonding
Cellulose properties
1) straight and Unbranched
2) Very strong because of hydrogen bonds in the network of microfibuls (long straight chains of glucose)
3) Insoluble- doesn’t dissolve when waters around
Where is Cellulose found and what are its uses?
Cell walls, prevents cells from bursting when they take in excess water
What type of bonds are present in Amylose?
Alpha 1-4 glycosidic bonds
What is Amylose made from?
Alpha glucose molecules
Amylose properties
1) Unbranched + coiled-(helical structure) therefore compact storage of glucose (efficient energy store)
2) Insoluble- doesn’t affect water potential, no effect on osmosis.
What is Amylose found in and what are its uses?
Starch grains called Plastids, Provides energy when broken down in respiration.
What is Amylopectin made from?
Alpha glucose molecules
What bonds are present in Amylopectin?
Alpha 1-4 glycosidic bonds, Alpha 1-6 glycosidic bonds
Amylopectin properties
1) Branched- increases surface area, therefore it can be hydrolysed more quickly. (Energy)
2) Insoluble- no effect on water potential, no effect on osmosis
What is Amylopectin found in and what are its uses?
Starch grains called plastids, Provide energy when broken down in respiration
What is Glycogen made from?
Alpha glucose molecules
What bonds are present in Glycogen?
Alpha 1-6 glycosidic bonds and Alpha 1-4 glycosidic, but more 1-6 than 1-4.
Glycogen properties
1) Very branched structure- Bigger Surface area- Therefore, faster Hydrolysis (Animals need to respire more/ higher metabolic requirements than plants)
2) less dense (more soluble than starch)
3) Insoluble- no effect on water potential, no effect on osmosis
Where is Glycogen found and what are its uses?
Small granules in muscles and liver, Provide energy when broken down in respiration ( ANIMALS )
Draw water potential symbol
On paper
Draw diagrams of Cellulose, Amylose, Amylopectin, and Glycogen structures
On paper
