4. Polymers Of Carbohydrates

Question 1

Polysaccharide

Answer 1

Many monosaccharides joined together by condensation reactions

Question 2

4 main types of carbohydrate polymers

Answer 2

1) Cellulose
Starch:
2)Amylose
3) Amylopectin 
4) Glycogen

Question 3

What is Cellulose made from?

Answer 3

Beta Glucose

Question 4

Types of bonds present in Cellulose?

Answer 4

Beta 1-4 glycosidic bonds

Hydrogen Bonding

Question 5

Cellulose properties

Answer 5

1) straight and Unbranched
2) Very strong because of hydrogen bonds in the network of microfibuls (long straight chains of glucose)
3) Insoluble- doesn’t dissolve when waters around

Question 6

Where is Cellulose found and what are its uses?

Answer 6

Cell walls, prevents cells from bursting when they take in excess water

Question 7

What type of bonds are present in Amylose?

Answer 7

Alpha 1-4 glycosidic bonds

Question 8

What is Amylose made from?

Answer 8

Alpha glucose molecules

Question 9

Amylose properties

Answer 9

1) Unbranched + coiled-(helical structure) therefore compact storage of glucose (efficient energy store)
2) Insoluble- doesn’t affect water potential, no effect on osmosis.

Question 10

What is Amylose found in and what are its uses?

Answer 10

Starch grains called Plastids, Provides energy when broken down in respiration.

Question 11

What is Amylopectin made from?

Answer 11

Alpha glucose molecules

Question 12

What bonds are present in Amylopectin?

Answer 12

Alpha 1-4 glycosidic bonds, Alpha 1-6 glycosidic bonds

Question 13

Amylopectin properties

Answer 13

1) Branched- increases surface area, therefore it can be hydrolysed more quickly. (Energy)
2) Insoluble- no effect on water potential, no effect on osmosis

Question 14

What is Amylopectin found in and what are its uses?

Answer 14

Starch grains called plastids, Provide energy when broken down in respiration

Question 15

What is Glycogen made from?

Answer 15

Alpha glucose molecules

Question 16

What bonds are present in Glycogen?

Answer 16

Alpha 1-6 glycosidic bonds and Alpha 1-4 glycosidic, but more 1-6 than 1-4.

Question 17

Glycogen properties

Answer 17

1) Very branched structure- Bigger Surface area- Therefore, faster Hydrolysis (Animals need to respire more/ higher metabolic requirements than plants)
2) less dense (more soluble than starch)
3) Insoluble- no effect on water potential, no effect on osmosis

Question 18

Where is Glycogen found and what are its uses?

Answer 18

Small granules in muscles and liver, Provide energy when broken down in respiration ( ANIMALS )

Question 19

Draw water potential symbol

Answer 19

On paper

Question 20

Draw diagrams of Cellulose, Amylose, Amylopectin, and Glycogen structures

Answer 20

On paper