4. Plant ID Flashcards
what are the 5 big family of plants?
- what of them has 2 types
- angiosperms (monocots vs dicots)
- gymnosperms
- seedless vascular
- seedless non-vascular
- modern green algae
describe what the 3 main types of plants produce + examples
- seedless vascular –> produce SPORES!
- ferns, horsetail, clubmosses - gymnosperms –> produce cones!
- conifers, cypress, gingko - angiosperms –> produce flowers!
- monocots: grasses, palms, orchids, ginger
- dicots: cacti, beans, carrots, sunflowers, blueberries
what type of plant are pteridophytes?
- what is special about them ish
- what are 2 other examples of that type of plant?
- ferns! = seedless vascular bc produces spores!
- sori underneath frond –> produce spores –> first frond of young fern –> becomes mature fern with fiddleheads
- fiddleheads (ie ostrich fern aka Matteuccia struthiopteris), horsetails
what are 3 characteristics of gymnosperms?
- what do they produce?
- “naked sperm”
- almost all are woody (except ephedra)
- almost all are evergreen (keep needle in winter)
produce cones! no fleshy fruit
what are examples of gymnosperms in tropics (4) vs canada (6) + 1
TROPICS:
- cycads
- plum pines
- cypress
- ephedra
CANADA:
- fir (xmas tree)
- spruce (xmas tree)
- hemlock
- tamarac
- pine
- cedar
+ gingko!
difference between dioecious and monoecious plants
- how many percent of plants are monoecious?
- give example of dioecious plant
MONOECIOUS:
- bisexual plant! –> “perfect” flowers have both male (stamens) and female (pistils) on same flower!
- male parts develops first (pollen), then female parts develops later so that there’s no self-fertilization!
- 90% of plants are monoecious!
DIOECIOUS:
- male plant vs female plant! = 2 separate plants!
- gingko!
what are the 2 types of angiosperms? 5 differences
- angiosperms produce what?
MONOCOT:
- one cotyledon
- veins usually parallel
- vascular bundles usually complexly arranged
- fibrous root system
- floral parts usually in multiples of 3 (petals)
DICOT:
- 2 cotyledons
- veins usually netlike
- vascular bundles usually arranged in ring
- taproot usually present (roots going down)
- floral parts usually in multiples of 4 or 5 (petals)
- produce seeds and flowers!
gives 7 examples of monocots + 9 examples of dicots
MONOCOTS:
- grasses, palms, orchids, lilies, aroids, gingers, irises
DICOTS:
- dairy (composite), rose, legumes/beans, buttercups, pinks (carnations), mustard, carrot, buckwheat, mint
what are different leaf shapes? (7)
- linear (looks like grass)
- oval (fat)
- oblong (fat and long)
- deltoid (triangle ish)
- cordate (triangle with rounded bottoms)
- elliptical (tear drop ish, long)
- lanceolate (oblong with pointy ends)
what are the different leaf margins? (6)
- entire
- wavy/undulate
- serrate (little teeth)
- doubly serrate (teeth have teeth)
- lobed (big undulations ish)
- palmate (like maple or cannabis)
what are the 3 main types of leaf venation?
- pinnate (classic: one long line in middle with lines right and left)
- palmate (lines all start from bottom middle ish (top of stem) and go towards each palm)
- parallel
what are 4 leaf types?
- simple leaf (ie maple)
- palmately compound leaf (from top of stem, 3 individual leafs come out) (ie clover)
- pinnately compound leaf (one long stem + individual leaflets come out right and left of stem + one on top) (ie black walnut) –> entire thing is one leaf (ie 15 leaflets)
- double compound leaf (one long stem + individual stems come out of main stem + [small secondary leaflets on each mini stem] = leaflet)
what are 3 leaf arrangements?
- alternate (leaflets not coming out of same bud ish)
- opposite (from each bud, one leaf to left and one leaf to right)
- whorled (like 5 leaves come out of the same bud) in a circle
what are 5 characteristics of leaves?
- leaf shape (ie oblong, oval, palmate)
- leaf venation (palmate, parallel, pinnate)
- leaf arrangement (alternate, opposite, whorled)
- leaf margins (entire, serrate, doubly serrate, palmate)
- leaf type (simple, palmately compound, pinnately compound, double compound)
are these annuals or perennials? difference btw the 2?
mint:
squash:
carrots:
blueberries:
zucchini:
asparagus:
garlic:
green beans:
radishes:
PERENNIALS: permanent!
ANNUALS: plant every year
(or biannuals; plant every 2 years)
mint: PERENNIALS
squash: ANNUALS
carrots: ANNUALS
blueberries: PERENNIALS
zucchini: ANNUALS
asparagus: PERENNIALS
garlic: PERENNIALS
green beans: ANNUALS
peppers: PERENNIALS
radishes: ANNUALS
