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OS 2 Final > (4) Osteopathic Reflexes > Flashcards

(4) Osteopathic Reflexes Flashcards

1
Q

What is a reflex?

A

A relationship b/w an input stimulus to the body and an output action to either a muscle or secretory organ

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2
Q

Spinal cord gray matter

Layers 3,4 =?

A

Mechanoreceptors

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3
Q

Spinal cord gray matter

Layers 1 and 5?

A

A (delta) fast pain fibers

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4
Q

Spinal cord gray matter

Layer 2?

A

Small c fibers of slow pain

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5
Q

What is the CLINICAL APPLICATION of using reflexes?

A

Visceral disturbances reflexly cause activation in the somatic musculature

Which produces dysfunction!!!

Somatic disturbances can reflexly alter visceral function

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6
Q

Sensitivity of Neurons

What is:

Short term excitability?

A

Excitability lasts for 90-120 seconds

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7
Q

Sensitivity of Neurons

What is:

Long term sensitization?

A

Inputs of several minutes

Excitability lasts for hours

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8
Q

Sensitivity of Neurons

What is:

Fixation?

A

15-40 minutes of afferent input

Excitability lasts for days or weeks

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9
Q

Sensitivity of Neurons

What is:

Permanent Excitability?

A

Lasts forever (?) - a long time

Death of inhibitory interneurons

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10
Q

Who was the first to show reflex changes using EMG?

A

Denslow

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11
Q

Who coined the term facilitated segment?

What is a facilitated segment?

A

Korr

Interneurons that are bombarded with excitement

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12
Q

What is habituation?

A

Process of decreasing response of a neural pathway with continuous stimulation

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13
Q

What is the opposite of habituation?

A

Sensitization

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14
Q

What is allostasis?

A

Long term neural effect of segmental facilitation

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15
Q

Allostasis has been associated with?

A

CV : HTN, increased risk of MI

Neuro: Depression, anxiety, memory loss, decreased cognition

Immune: immunosupression, autoimmune disease

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16
Q

Define:

Somatosomatic

A

Localized somatic stimuli producing patterns of reflex response in segmentally related…

Somatic structures

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17
Q

Define:

Somatovisceral

A

Localized somatic stimulation producing patterns of reflex response in segmentally related…

Visceral structures

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18
Q

Define:

Viscerosomatic

A

Localized visceral stimuli producing patterns of reflex response in segmentally related…

Somatic structures

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19
Q

Define:

Viscerovisceral

A

Localized visceral stimuli producing patterns of reflex response in segmentally related…

Visceral structures

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20
Q

What are a couple of examples of somatosomatic reflex?

A

Withdrawal response

Myotatic response

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21
Q

What is an example of a viscerovisceral reflex?

A

Distention of the gut results in increased contraction of the gut muscle

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22
Q

What is a somatocardiac reflex?

A

Nociceptive somatic stimuli result in elevation of heart rate and blood pressure

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23
Q

What is a somatogastric reflex?

A

Nociceptive somatic stimuli results in inhibition of peristalsis in the stomach

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24
Q

What is the somatoadrenal reflex?

A

Nociceptive somatic stimuli results in the release of catecholamines from the adrenal medulla

25
Q

What is a viscerosomatic reflex?

Name a MAJOR example of this

A

When somatic pain referral is due to visceral nociceptie stimuli

Heart attack

26
Q

Where are a majority of interneurons living in the spinal cord?

A

DRG

27
Q

State the levels of viscerosomatic reflexes of:

Head/neck

A

T1-T5

28
Q

State the levels of sympathetic viscerosomatic reflexes of:

Upper GI (Including Upper Esophagus)

A

T5-T10

29
Q

State the levels of sympathetic viscerosomatic reflexes of:

Small intestine/Ascending colon

A

T9-T11

30
Q

State the levels of sympathetic viscerosomatic reflexes of:

Ascending and Transverse Colon

A

T10-L2

31
Q

State the levels of sympathetic viscerosomatic reflexes of:

Descending and Sigmoid Colon/Rectum

A

T12-L2

32
Q

State the levels of parasympathetic viscerosomatic reflexes of:

Upper GI (including upper esophagus)

A

Vagus n.

(OA, AA)

33
Q

State the levels of parasympathetic viscerosomatic reflexes of:

Small intestine/Ascending colon

A

Vagus n.

(OA, AA)

34
Q

State the levels of parasympathetic viscerosomatic reflexes of:

Ascending and Transverse Colon

A

Vagus n.

(OA, AA)

35
Q

State the levels of parasympathetic viscerosomatic reflexes of:

Descending and Sigmoid Colon/Rectum

A

S2-S4

(Sacrum)

36
Q

State the levels of sympathetic viscerosomatic reflexes of:

Upper extremities

A

T2-T7

37
Q

State the levels of sympathetic viscerosomatic reflexes of:

Lower extremities

A

T11-L2

38
Q

State the levels of sympathetic viscerosomatic reflexes of:

Heart

A

T1-T6

39
Q

State the levels of sympathetic viscerosomatic reflexes of:

Adrenals

A

T5-T10

40
Q

State the levels of parasympathetic viscerosomatic reflexes of:

Heart

A

Vagus n.

(OA, AA)

41
Q

State the levels of parasympathetic viscerosomatic reflexes of:

Adrenals

A

Vagus n.

(OA, AA)

42
Q

State the levels of sympathetic viscerosomatic reflexes of:

Lungs

A

T1-T7

43
Q

State the levels of parasympathetic viscerosomatic reflexes of:

Lungs

A

Vagus n.

(OA, AA)

44
Q

State the levels of sympathetic viscerosomatic reflexes of:

Genitourinary Tract

A

T10-L2

45
Q

State the levels of parasympathetic viscerosomatic reflexes of:

Reproductive organs, pelvis

A

S2-S4

46
Q

State the levels of sympathetic viscerosomatic reflexes of:

Genitourinary tract (includes bladder)

A

T10-L2

47
Q

State the levels of sympathetic viscerosomatic reflexes of:

Ureter - Upper

A

T10-T11

48
Q

State the levels of sympathetic viscerosomatic reflexes of:

Ureter - Lower

A

T12-L2

49
Q

State the levels of parasympathetic viscerosomatic reflexes of:

Upper ureter

A

Vagus n.

(OA, AA)

50
Q

State the levels of parasympathetic viscerosomatic reflexes of:

Bladder

A

S2-S4

(Sacrum)

51
Q

State the levels of parasympathetic viscerosomatic reflexes of:

Lower ureter

A

S2-S4

Sacrum

52
Q

State the levels of parasympathetic viscerosomatic reflexes of:

Reproductive organs

A

S2-S4

Sacrum

53
Q

What are chapman’s points?

A

A group of palpable points occuring in the predictable locations on the anterior and posterior surfaces of the body that are considered to be r_eflections of visceral dysfunction or disease_

54
Q

What are the 3 component characteristics of chapman’s reflexes?

A
  1. Viscerosomatic reflex
  2. Gangliform contraction
  3. A consistent reproducible series of points both anterior and posterior related to specific organs or conditions
55
Q

The PAIN associated with a chapman’s point is characteristically…

A

Pinpoint, sharp and non-radiating

Located under the physicians finger tip

Pain is greater than expected

Pt. is usually previously unaware of the sore spot

56
Q

How do you treat a chapman’s point?

A
  1. Firm pressure
  2. Heavy uncomfortable pressure to gangliform mass
  3. Slowly move finger in circular fashion
  4. Continue for 10-30 seconds
  5. Can alternate CC/CCW
  6. Cease stop treatment when mass dissapears or no one can tolerate
57
Q

Contraindications for chapman’s?

A

Pt. needs emergent care

Pt. refusal

Fracture, cancer or otherwise instable

58
Q
A

OS 2 Final (4 decks)

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