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RGS 5th Form Chemistry CH-F > 4 Organics 2 > Flashcards

4 Organics 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

Use the method below to name the ester made from ethanol and methanoic acid

A

ethyl methanoate

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2
Q

Esters are very volatile (evaporate easily) and smell or taste sweet. What are esters used for?

A

fragrances in perfumes OR flavourings in food

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3
Q

What conditions are needed for microbial oxidation of ethanol?

A

Oxygen so that aerobic respiration can occur

30ºC

1 atm

Formation of ethanoic acid - vinegar

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4
Q

Name the homologous series

A

carboxylic acid

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5
Q

How do you know that the formation of ethanoic acid from ethanol is oxidation?

A

ethanol has gained oxygen

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6
Q

What are the conditions needed in a fermenter?

A

30ºC

1 atm

no oxygen

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7
Q

What type of reaction is shown below?

A

Complete combustion of ethanol

It is an exothermic reaction

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8
Q

Draw the structural formula of ethanol

A
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9
Q

What are products for the reaction between ethanoic acid and sodium carbonate

A

metal carbonate + acid –> salt + water + carbon dioxide

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10
Q

Describe the conditions for fermentation of glucose

A

30ºC

yeast

1 atm

no oxygen (anaerobic)

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11
Q

Name this molecule

A

-O-H group - therefore it is an alcohol

4 carbons

butan-1-ol

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12
Q

Which homologous series does this molecule belong to?

A

alcohol

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13
Q

Name the molecule

A

methanol

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14
Q

What are the disadvantages of the addition of of ethene to make ethanol?

A
  • expensive process - (high temp and pressure)
  • non-renewable ethene is needed
  • very technical process - needing expertise.
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15
Q

What are the advantages and disadvantages of food such as corn being made into fuel (alcohol)?

A

Advantage: it is renewable

Disadvantage: It uses up land that would normally be used to grow food for people- this increases food prices

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16
Q

Draw the dot cross diagram for ethanol

A
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17
Q

Draw the displayed formula of ethanol

A
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18
Q

Complete the word equation for fermentation of glucose with yeast

A

glucose –> ethanol + carbon dioxide

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19
Q

Draw the displayed formula for propan-1-ol

A
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20
Q

Name the ester

A

ethyl hexanoate

21
Q

Name the ester

A

ethyl butanoate

22
Q

What is the molecular formula of glucose?

A

C6H12O6

23
Q

What conditions are needed to oxidise ethanol

A

potassium dichromate VI - oxidising agent

conc. sulfuric acid - catalyst

heat

NOT|E: mixture will turn from yellow to green

24
Q

Describe how to safely make and smell an ester from ethanoic acid and propanol

A
  1. Place six drops of concentrated sulfuric acid into a test tube
  2. Add 1 cm3 of ethanoic acid
  3. Add 1 cm3 of propanol
  4. Swirl gently and add the test tube to a hot water bath
  5. Leave for 5 minutes
  6. Pour the mixture into a beaker of sodium carbonate to neutralise the concentrated acid
  7. Carefully waft the fumes towards your nose to identify the sweet ester smell
25
Q

Name the ester

A

ethyl propanoate

26
Q

Name the alcohol

A

propan-1-ol

27
Q

Name the products of anaerobic respiration of glucose by yeast

A

ethanol and carbon dioxide

28
Q

Name the functional groups which are identified on this molecule

A

red = carboxylic acid (COOH)

green = ester (RCOOR’)

29
Q

Name the two homologous series

A

alkane

AND

alcohol

30
Q

List the products of the following reaction

A

ethanol

carbon dioxide

31
Q

What is the name of the container and cap needed for small scale fermentation of glucose AND explain why the special cap is needed.

A

Demijohn with a swan neck

Swan neck allows CO2 out (prevents it from exploding from pressure) but also stops oxygen from entering so that only anaerobic respiration of yeast occurs

32
Q

What is the function of potassium dichromate (VI) in the oxidation of alcohols

A

potassium dichromate (VI) is the oxidising agent

It supplies oxygen [O]

It, itself is reduced

33
Q

What are the advantages of making ethanol by addition of ethene using steam?

A
  • no land needed to grow sugar cane
  • fast, continuous process
  • pure product of ethanol (100%)
34
Q

Name the products made from:

sodium carbonate and ethanoic acid

AND potassium metal added to propanoic acid

A

sodium hydroxide + ethanoic acid –> sodium ethanoate + water + carbon dioxide

potassium + propanoic acid –> potassium propanoate + hydrogen

35
Q

Describe the condition for the addition reaction of ethene to ethanol

A

ethene + steam

300ºC

Phosphoric acid catalyst

60 atm

36
Q

What are the disadvantages of making ethanol by fermentation?

A
  • need land to grow sugar cane (reactant)
  • product is not 100% pure - (Only 14% since yeast dies)
  • slow, batch process
  • CO2 is produced which is a green house gas
37
Q

What are the advantages of the fermentation process to make ethanol?

A
  • uses a renewable source - such as sugar cane
  • cheap process - only 30ºC, no pressure
  • little technology needed to make it
38
Q

Identify the homologous series

A

ester

39
Q

Why is ethanoic acid a weak acid?

A

ethanoic acid does not fully dissociate into H+ ions

Only 4 in 100 molecules dissociate - less H+ ions = weaker acid

40
Q

Name the homologous series depicted below

A

Carboxylic acid

41
Q

What type of reaction is esterfication?

A

Condensation reaction

(water condenses out) leaving a carbon-oxygen bond between the carboxylic acid and alcohol

42
Q

Use the method below to name the ester made from propan-1-ol and butanoic acid

A

propyl butanoate

43
Q

In the process of fermentation, ethanol levels reach 14% before the yeast dies. How could ethanol be purified to 100%.

A

distillation

44
Q

Use the method below to name the ester made from

butan-1-ol and propanoic acid

A

butyl propanoate

45
Q

What are the observations and products formed when magnesium is added to ethanoic acid

A

slight fizzing (as ethanoic acid is a weak acid)

magnesium ethanoate + hydrogen

Test for hydrogen- flaming splint goes squeaky pop

46
Q

Name the identified functional groups on this molecule

A

OH = alcohol

COOH = carboxylic acid

47
Q

What would happen if fermentation of glucose was carried out in the presence of oxygen or aerobically?

A

ethanol would oxidise to ethanoic acid

48
Q

Name this salt

A

sodium ethanoate

RGS 5th Form Chemistry CH-F (10 decks)

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