4. Operating Systems Flashcards
What are the key features of Windows Safe Mode?
Starts Windows with only essential drivers and services to troubleshoot issues.
What is the Linux command to list files in a directory?
ls
What is the purpose of the Task Manager in Windows?
Monitors and manages running applications, processes, and system performance.
What is the macOS equivalent of Windows Task Manager?
Activity Monitor.
What is the function of a file system in an operating system?
Organizes and manages how data is stored and retrieved on a storage device.
What is the purpose of the Windows Registry?
Stores configuration settings and options for the operating system and installed applications.
What is the Linux command to change file permissions?
chmod
What is the purpose of a kernel in an operating system?
Acts as a bridge between hardware and software, managing system resources.
What is a hypervisor?
Software that creates and manages virtual machines.
What is the difference between 32-bit and 64-bit operating systems?
64-bit OS can handle more memory and run 64-bit applications, while 32-bit OS is limited to 4GB of RAM.
What is the command to display the IP configuration in Windows?
ipconfig
What is the primary use of the macOS Terminal?
Allows users to interact with the operating system through command-line input.
What is the purpose of a paging file in Windows?
Provides virtual memory by using disk space to supplement physical RAM.
What is the Linux command to create a new directory?
mkdir
What is the purpose of System Restore in Windows?
Reverts the system to a previous state to fix issues caused by software changes.
What is the default file system used by Windows?
NTFS (New Technology File System).
What is the difference between hibernation and sleep mode in Windows?
Hibernation saves the session to disk and powers off, while sleep mode keeps it in memory and uses minimal power.
What is the Linux command to view the current directory?
pwd
What is a dual-boot system?
A computer configured to run two operating systems, selectable at startup.
What is the function of Windows PowerShell?
Automates tasks and manages systems using command-line input and scripting.
What is the macOS feature similar to Windows System Restore?
Time Machine.
What is the Linux command to terminate a process?
kill
What is the purpose of the bootloader?
Loads the operating system kernel during startup.
What is the command to check disk usage in Linux?
df
What is the primary function of the Control Panel in Windows?
Provides access to system settings and configuration options.
What are the key features of Windows Safe Mode?
Starts Windows with only essential drivers and services to troubleshoot issues.
What is the Linux command to list files in a directory?
ls
What is the purpose of the Task Manager in Windows?
Monitors and manages running applications, processes, and system performance.
What is the macOS equivalent of Windows Task Manager?
Activity Monitor.
What is the function of a file system in an operating system?
Organizes and manages how data is stored and retrieved on a storage device.
What is the purpose of the Windows Registry?
Stores configuration settings and options for the operating system and installed applications.
What is the Linux command to change file permissions?
chmod
What is the purpose of a kernel in an operating system?
Acts as a bridge between hardware and software, managing system resources.
What is a hypervisor?
Software that creates and manages virtual machines.
What is the difference between 32-bit and 64-bit operating systems?
64-bit OS can handle more memory and run 64-bit applications, while 32-bit OS is limited to 4GB of RAM.
What is the command to display the IP configuration in Windows?
ipconfig
What is the primary use of the macOS Terminal?
Allows users to interact with the operating system through command-line input.
What is the purpose of a paging file in Windows?
Provides virtual memory by using disk space to supplement physical RAM.
What is the Linux command to create a new directory?
mkdir
What is the purpose of System Restore in Windows?
Reverts the system to a previous state to fix issues caused by software changes.
What is the default file system used by Windows?
NTFS (New Technology File System).
What is the difference between hibernation and sleep mode in Windows?
Hibernation saves the session to disk and powers off, while sleep mode keeps it in memory and uses minimal power.
What is the Linux command to view the current directory?
pwd
What is a dual-boot system?
A computer configured to run two operating systems, selectable at startup.
What is the function of Windows PowerShell?
Automates tasks and manages systems using command-line input and scripting.
What is the macOS feature similar to Windows System Restore?
Time Machine.
What is the Linux command to terminate a process?
kill
What is the purpose of the bootloader?
Loads the operating system kernel during startup.
What is the command to check disk usage in Linux?
df
What is the primary function of the Control Panel in Windows?
Provides access to system settings and configuration options.
What is the default file extension for executable files in Windows?
.exe
What is the role of the Windows Event Viewer?
Displays logs and records events from the system and applications for troubleshooting and analysis.
What is a virtual machine?
A software-based simulation of a physical computer, running an operating system and applications.
What is the function of Device Manager in Windows?
Allows users to manage hardware devices and drivers installed on the system.
What is the macOS equivalent of Windows Taskbar?
Dock
What is a system image backup?
A complete copy of the operating system, settings, and installed programs, used for disaster recovery.
What is the primary function of a file extension in an operating system?
Indicates the type of file and helps determine which program will open it.
What is the purpose of the sudo command in Linux?
Grants administrative privileges to execute commands with higher permissions.
What is the Linux command to copy files?
cp
What is the function of Windows Event Logs?
Records detailed information about system events, including errors, warnings, and system performance.
What is the purpose of the Windows Update feature?
Installs patches, updates, and security fixes to keep the operating system up to date.
What is the difference between a soft link and a hard link in Linux?
A soft link is a shortcut to a file, while a hard link points directly to the file’s data blocks on disk.
What is the function of the Task Scheduler in Windows?
Automates tasks by scheduling scripts or programs to run at specific times or under certain conditions.
What is the primary purpose of the Mac App Store?
A marketplace for macOS software, where users can purchase and download applications.
What is the purpose of the System Configuration tool in Windows?
Allows users to manage startup programs and services for troubleshooting purposes.
What is the purpose of file compression in an operating system?
Reduces the size of files or folders for easier storage or faster transmission.
What is the difference between the “shutdown” and “restart” commands in Windows?
“Shutdown” powers off the system, while “restart” reboots the system without turning it off completely.
What is the command to check system disk space usage in Windows?
dir
What is a file system journal?
A log that tracks changes made to a file system to ensure consistency in case of a crash.
What is the purpose of the Windows Memory Diagnostic tool?
Tests the system’s RAM for errors and issues.
What is the command to display network configuration in Linux?
ifconfig
What is the purpose of Windows Defender?
Provides built-in antivirus and malware protection for Windows systems.
What is the function of the “chmod” command in Linux?
Changes the file permissions (read, write, execute) for files and directories.
What is the role of the operating system’s user interface (UI)?
Provides the interface through which users interact with the system, typically with graphical or command-line elements.
What is the function of the Windows “Services” manager?
Manages background services and system processes in Windows.
What is the role of the page file in Windows?
Extends virtual memory by using disk space when RAM is insufficient.
What is a Windows environment variable?
A dynamic value that the operating system uses to store system-specific data, like the path to system files.
What is the primary function of a device driver?
Allows the operating system to communicate with hardware devices.
What is the default file system used by Linux?
ext4 (Fourth Extended File System).
What is the command to delete a file in Linux?
rm
What is the purpose of the Windows “System Properties” dialog box?
Provides access to system settings such as computer name, hardware, and advanced system settings.
What is the difference between a full backup and an incremental backup?
A full backup copies all files, while an incremental backup only copies files that have changed since the last backup.
What is the primary purpose of a partition in an operating system?
Divides a storage device into separate sections, each acting as a separate drive.
What is the function of the System Monitor tool in macOS?
Monitors system performance, including CPU, memory, and disk usage.
What is the difference between a hotfix and a patch in Windows?
A hotfix is a quick, emergency fix, while a patch is a more general update.
What is the role of the Windows Firewall?
Protects the system by blocking unauthorized network traffic and allowing trusted connections.
What is the difference between a primary and an extended partition in disk management?
A primary partition is a main partition that can contain data, while an extended partition is used to create additional logical partitions.
What is the function of the sudo command in Linux?
Allows a permitted user to execute a command as the superuser or another user, as specified.
What is the macOS equivalent of the Windows “Control Panel”?
System Preferences.
What is the difference between a primary partition and a logical partition?
A primary partition can be used to boot an operating system, while a logical partition is created within an extended partition.
What is the function of the “chkdsk” command in Windows?
Scans and repairs file system errors on a disk.
What is a system daemon in Linux?
A background process that runs without direct user interaction, performing system-related tasks.
What is the function of the Windows “Backup and Restore” feature?
Provides a way to create backups of important files and restore them in case of data loss.
What is the role of the “lsblk” command in Linux?
Lists information about block devices (e.g., hard drives, partitions) in the system.
What is the purpose of Windows “Disk Management”?
Allows users to manage disk partitions, format disks, and assign drive letters.
What is the Linux command to search for a file?
find
What is the macOS equivalent of the Windows “Command Prompt”?
Terminal.
What is the purpose of the Windows “Group Policy Editor”?
Allows administrators to configure and manage system settings and user permissions in an Active Directory environment.
What is the function of the “chmod” command in Linux?
Changes the permissions of files and directories (read, write, execute).
What is the role of a file descriptor in Unix/Linux operating systems?
A unique identifier used by the operating system to access files and input/output streams.
