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ComptiA+ > 4. Operating Systems > Flashcards

4. Operating Systems Flashcards

1
Q

What are the key features of Windows Safe Mode?

A

Starts Windows with only essential drivers and services to troubleshoot issues.

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2
Q

What is the Linux command to list files in a directory?

A

ls

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3
Q

What is the purpose of the Task Manager in Windows?

A

Monitors and manages running applications, processes, and system performance.

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4
Q

What is the macOS equivalent of Windows Task Manager?

A

Activity Monitor.

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5
Q

What is the function of a file system in an operating system?

A

Organizes and manages how data is stored and retrieved on a storage device.

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6
Q

What is the purpose of the Windows Registry?

A

Stores configuration settings and options for the operating system and installed applications.

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7
Q

What is the Linux command to change file permissions?

A

chmod

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8
Q

What is the purpose of a kernel in an operating system?

A

Acts as a bridge between hardware and software, managing system resources.

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9
Q

What is a hypervisor?

A

Software that creates and manages virtual machines.

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10
Q

What is the difference between 32-bit and 64-bit operating systems?

A

64-bit OS can handle more memory and run 64-bit applications, while 32-bit OS is limited to 4GB of RAM.

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11
Q

What is the command to display the IP configuration in Windows?

A

ipconfig

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12
Q

What is the primary use of the macOS Terminal?

A

Allows users to interact with the operating system through command-line input.

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13
Q

What is the purpose of a paging file in Windows?

A

Provides virtual memory by using disk space to supplement physical RAM.

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14
Q

What is the Linux command to create a new directory?

A

mkdir

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15
Q

What is the purpose of System Restore in Windows?

A

Reverts the system to a previous state to fix issues caused by software changes.

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16
Q

What is the default file system used by Windows?

A

NTFS (New Technology File System).

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17
Q

What is the difference between hibernation and sleep mode in Windows?

A

Hibernation saves the session to disk and powers off, while sleep mode keeps it in memory and uses minimal power.

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18
Q

What is the Linux command to view the current directory?

A

pwd

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19
Q

What is a dual-boot system?

A

A computer configured to run two operating systems, selectable at startup.

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20
Q

What is the function of Windows PowerShell?

A

Automates tasks and manages systems using command-line input and scripting.

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21
Q

What is the macOS feature similar to Windows System Restore?

A

Time Machine.

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22
Q

What is the Linux command to terminate a process?

A

kill

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23
Q

What is the purpose of the bootloader?

A

Loads the operating system kernel during startup.

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24
Q

What is the command to check disk usage in Linux?

A

df

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25
Q

What is the primary function of the Control Panel in Windows?

A

Provides access to system settings and configuration options.

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26
Q

What are the key features of Windows Safe Mode?

A

Starts Windows with only essential drivers and services to troubleshoot issues.

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27
Q

What is the Linux command to list files in a directory?

A

ls

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28
Q

What is the purpose of the Task Manager in Windows?

A

Monitors and manages running applications, processes, and system performance.

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29
Q

What is the macOS equivalent of Windows Task Manager?

A

Activity Monitor.

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30
Q

What is the function of a file system in an operating system?

A

Organizes and manages how data is stored and retrieved on a storage device.

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31
Q

What is the purpose of the Windows Registry?

A

Stores configuration settings and options for the operating system and installed applications.

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32
Q

What is the Linux command to change file permissions?

A

chmod

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33
Q

What is the purpose of a kernel in an operating system?

A

Acts as a bridge between hardware and software, managing system resources.

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34
Q

What is a hypervisor?

A

Software that creates and manages virtual machines.

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35
Q

What is the difference between 32-bit and 64-bit operating systems?

A

64-bit OS can handle more memory and run 64-bit applications, while 32-bit OS is limited to 4GB of RAM.

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36
Q

What is the command to display the IP configuration in Windows?

A

ipconfig

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37
Q

What is the primary use of the macOS Terminal?

A

Allows users to interact with the operating system through command-line input.

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38
Q

What is the purpose of a paging file in Windows?

A

Provides virtual memory by using disk space to supplement physical RAM.

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39
Q

What is the Linux command to create a new directory?

A

mkdir

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40
Q

What is the purpose of System Restore in Windows?

A

Reverts the system to a previous state to fix issues caused by software changes.

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41
Q

What is the default file system used by Windows?

A

NTFS (New Technology File System).

42
Q

What is the difference between hibernation and sleep mode in Windows?

A

Hibernation saves the session to disk and powers off, while sleep mode keeps it in memory and uses minimal power.

43
Q

What is the Linux command to view the current directory?

A

pwd

44
Q

What is a dual-boot system?

A

A computer configured to run two operating systems, selectable at startup.

45
Q

What is the function of Windows PowerShell?

A

Automates tasks and manages systems using command-line input and scripting.

46
Q

What is the macOS feature similar to Windows System Restore?

A

Time Machine.

47
Q

What is the Linux command to terminate a process?

A

kill

48
Q

What is the purpose of the bootloader?

A

Loads the operating system kernel during startup.

49
Q

What is the command to check disk usage in Linux?

A

df

50
Q

What is the primary function of the Control Panel in Windows?

A

Provides access to system settings and configuration options.

51
Q

What is the default file extension for executable files in Windows?

A

.exe

52
Q

What is the role of the Windows Event Viewer?

A

Displays logs and records events from the system and applications for troubleshooting and analysis.

53
Q

What is a virtual machine?

A

A software-based simulation of a physical computer, running an operating system and applications.

54
Q

What is the function of Device Manager in Windows?

A

Allows users to manage hardware devices and drivers installed on the system.

55
Q

What is the macOS equivalent of Windows Taskbar?

A

Dock

56
Q

What is a system image backup?

A

A complete copy of the operating system, settings, and installed programs, used for disaster recovery.

57
Q

What is the primary function of a file extension in an operating system?

A

Indicates the type of file and helps determine which program will open it.

58
Q

What is the purpose of the sudo command in Linux?

A

Grants administrative privileges to execute commands with higher permissions.

59
Q

What is the Linux command to copy files?

A

cp

60
Q

What is the function of Windows Event Logs?

A

Records detailed information about system events, including errors, warnings, and system performance.

61
Q

What is the purpose of the Windows Update feature?

A

Installs patches, updates, and security fixes to keep the operating system up to date.

62
Q

What is the difference between a soft link and a hard link in Linux?

A

A soft link is a shortcut to a file, while a hard link points directly to the file’s data blocks on disk.

63
Q

What is the function of the Task Scheduler in Windows?

A

Automates tasks by scheduling scripts or programs to run at specific times or under certain conditions.

64
Q

What is the primary purpose of the Mac App Store?

A

A marketplace for macOS software, where users can purchase and download applications.

65
Q

What is the purpose of the System Configuration tool in Windows?

A

Allows users to manage startup programs and services for troubleshooting purposes.

66
Q

What is the purpose of file compression in an operating system?

A

Reduces the size of files or folders for easier storage or faster transmission.

67
Q

What is the difference between the “shutdown” and “restart” commands in Windows?

A

“Shutdown” powers off the system, while “restart” reboots the system without turning it off completely.

68
Q

What is the command to check system disk space usage in Windows?

A

dir

69
Q

What is a file system journal?

A

A log that tracks changes made to a file system to ensure consistency in case of a crash.

70
Q

What is the purpose of the Windows Memory Diagnostic tool?

A

Tests the system’s RAM for errors and issues.

71
Q

What is the command to display network configuration in Linux?

A

ifconfig

72
Q

What is the purpose of Windows Defender?

A

Provides built-in antivirus and malware protection for Windows systems.

73
Q

What is the function of the “chmod” command in Linux?

A

Changes the file permissions (read, write, execute) for files and directories.

74
Q

What is the role of the operating system’s user interface (UI)?

A

Provides the interface through which users interact with the system, typically with graphical or command-line elements.

75
Q

What is the function of the Windows “Services” manager?

A

Manages background services and system processes in Windows.

76
Q

What is the role of the page file in Windows?

A

Extends virtual memory by using disk space when RAM is insufficient.

77
Q

What is a Windows environment variable?

A

A dynamic value that the operating system uses to store system-specific data, like the path to system files.

78
Q

What is the primary function of a device driver?

A

Allows the operating system to communicate with hardware devices.

79
Q

What is the default file system used by Linux?

A

ext4 (Fourth Extended File System).

80
Q

What is the command to delete a file in Linux?

A

rm

81
Q

What is the purpose of the Windows “System Properties” dialog box?

A

Provides access to system settings such as computer name, hardware, and advanced system settings.

82
Q

What is the difference between a full backup and an incremental backup?

A

A full backup copies all files, while an incremental backup only copies files that have changed since the last backup.

83
Q

What is the primary purpose of a partition in an operating system?

A

Divides a storage device into separate sections, each acting as a separate drive.

84
Q

What is the function of the System Monitor tool in macOS?

A

Monitors system performance, including CPU, memory, and disk usage.

85
Q

What is the difference between a hotfix and a patch in Windows?

A

A hotfix is a quick, emergency fix, while a patch is a more general update.

86
Q

What is the role of the Windows Firewall?

A

Protects the system by blocking unauthorized network traffic and allowing trusted connections.

87
Q

What is the difference between a primary and an extended partition in disk management?

A

A primary partition is a main partition that can contain data, while an extended partition is used to create additional logical partitions.

88
Q

What is the function of the sudo command in Linux?

A

Allows a permitted user to execute a command as the superuser or another user, as specified.

89
Q

What is the macOS equivalent of the Windows “Control Panel”?

A

System Preferences.

90
Q

What is the difference between a primary partition and a logical partition?

A

A primary partition can be used to boot an operating system, while a logical partition is created within an extended partition.

91
Q

What is the function of the “chkdsk” command in Windows?

A

Scans and repairs file system errors on a disk.

92
Q

What is a system daemon in Linux?

A

A background process that runs without direct user interaction, performing system-related tasks.

93
Q

What is the function of the Windows “Backup and Restore” feature?

A

Provides a way to create backups of important files and restore them in case of data loss.

94
Q

What is the role of the “lsblk” command in Linux?

A

Lists information about block devices (e.g., hard drives, partitions) in the system.

95
Q

What is the purpose of Windows “Disk Management”?

A

Allows users to manage disk partitions, format disks, and assign drive letters.

96
Q

What is the Linux command to search for a file?

A

find

97
Q

What is the macOS equivalent of the Windows “Command Prompt”?

A

Terminal.

98
Q

What is the purpose of the Windows “Group Policy Editor”?

A

Allows administrators to configure and manage system settings and user permissions in an Active Directory environment.

99
Q

What is the function of the “chmod” command in Linux?

A

Changes the permissions of files and directories (read, write, execute).

100
Q

What is the role of a file descriptor in Unix/Linux operating systems?

A

A unique identifier used by the operating system to access files and input/output streams.

ComptiA+ (7 decks)

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