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ComptiA+ > 2. Network > Flashcards

2. Network Flashcards

1
Q

What is the difference between IPv4 and IPv6?

A

IPv4 uses 32-bit addresses (e.g., 192.168.1.1), while IPv6 uses 128-bit addresses (e.g., 2001:0db8:85a3:0000:0000:8a2e:0370:7334).

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2
Q

What is the function of a DHCP server?

A

Automatically assigns IP addresses and other network configuration details to devices on a network.

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3
Q

What is a MAC address?

A

A unique physical address assigned to a network interface card (NIC), used for communication within a local network.

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4
Q

What is the default port for HTTPS?

A

Port 443.

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5
Q

What is the purpose of a switch in networking?

A

Connects devices within a network and uses MAC addresses to forward data to the correct device.

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6
Q

What is the OSI model, and what are its seven layers?

A

A conceptual framework for understanding network communication; the layers are Physical, Data Link, Network, Transport, Session, Presentation, and Application.

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7
Q

What is the difference between TCP and UDP?

A

TCP is connection-oriented and ensures reliable data delivery, while UDP is connectionless and faster but does not guarantee delivery.

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8
Q

What is the purpose of a subnet mask?

A

Divides an IP address into network and host portions, determining the range of IP addresses within a network.

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9
Q

What is the default IP range for private Class C networks?

A

192.168.0.0 to 192.168.255.255.

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10
Q

What is the maximum speed of Cat6 Ethernet cables?

A

Up to 10 Gbps for distances up to 55 meters.

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11
Q

What is the purpose of a VPN?

A

Creates a secure, encrypted connection between a device and a private network over the internet.

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12
Q

What is the difference between a router and a switch?

A

A router connects different networks and routes traffic, while a switch connects devices within the same network and forwards data using MAC addresses.

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13
Q

What are the common wireless network standards, and their maximum speeds?

A

802.11n: 600 Mbps; 802.11ac: 1.3 Gbps; 802.11ax (Wi-Fi 6): 9.6 Gbps.

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14
Q

What is the role of a DNS server?

A

Translates domain names (e.g., www.example.com) into IP addresses (e.g., 192.168.1.1).

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15
Q

What are the key differences between IPv6 and IPv4?

A

IPv6 has 128-bit addresses, supports auto-configuration, and eliminates the need for NAT, while IPv4 uses 32-bit addresses.

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16
Q

What is the purpose of a DMZ in networking?

A

A Demilitarized Zone isolates public-facing services (e.g., web servers) from the internal network for added security.

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17
Q

What is the function of a packet sniffer?

A

Captures and analyzes network traffic for troubleshooting and monitoring purposes.

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18
Q

What is a default gateway?

A

The device (usually a router) that connects a local network to other networks, including the internet.

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19
Q

What is port forwarding?

A

Directs incoming traffic on a specific port to a specific device or service within a private network.

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20
Q

What is the purpose of QoS (Quality of Service)?

A

Prioritizes certain types of network traffic (e.g., VoIP or streaming) to ensure consistent performance.

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21
Q

What is a VLAN, and why is it used?

A

A Virtual LAN segments a physical network into smaller, logical networks to improve security and manageability.

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22
Q

What is the difference between a static IP and a dynamic IP?

A

A static IP is manually assigned and remains constant, while a dynamic IP is automatically assigned by a DHCP server and can change.

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23
Q

What is a traceroute command used for?

A

Traces the path packets take to a destination, identifying delays or failures in the route.

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24
Q

What is the default port number for FTP?

A

Port 21.

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25
Q

What is PoE (Power over Ethernet)?

A

A technology that delivers power and data over Ethernet cables, commonly used for devices like IP cameras and wireless access points.

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26
Q

What is the purpose of an IP address?

A

Identifies a device on a network and allows it to communicate with other devices.

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27
Q

What is the difference between a public and a private IP address?

A

A public IP address is assigned by an ISP and can be accessed over the internet, while a private IP address is used within a local network and cannot be directly accessed from outside.

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28
Q

What is a subnet?

A

A subnet is a division of an IP network into smaller, manageable sections to improve performance and security.

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29
Q

What is a NAT (Network Address Translation)?

A

A process that modifies IP address information in packet headers to allow multiple devices on a local network to share a single public IP address.

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30
Q

What is the purpose of a router in a network?

A

A router forwards data packets between different networks, determining the best path for data to travel.

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31
Q

What is the maximum transmission unit (MTU)?

A

The largest size of a data packet that can be transmitted over a network, typically 1500 bytes for Ethernet.

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32
Q

What is the difference between a Layer 3 switch and a router?

A

A Layer 3 switch can perform routing functions, while a router is specifically designed to route packets between networks.

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33
Q

What is the purpose of DNS caching?

A

DNS caching stores previously resolved domain name to IP address mappings to reduce lookup times and improve browsing speed.

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34
Q

What is a DHCP lease?

A

The amount of time an IP address is assigned to a device by a DHCP server before it must be renewed or released.

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35
Q

What is the function of ARP (Address Resolution Protocol)?

A

Resolves IP addresses to MAC addresses, allowing devices within a local network to communicate.

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36
Q

What is the difference between a full-duplex and half-duplex network?

A

Full-duplex allows data to be sent and received simultaneously, while half-duplex only allows data to flow in one direction at a time.

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37
Q

What is an SSID?

A

A Service Set Identifier is the name of a wireless network that allows devices to identify and connect to it.

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38
Q

What is the difference between 802.11a, 802.11b, and 802.11g?

A

802.11a operates at 5 GHz with up to 54 Mbps, 802.11b operates at 2.4 GHz with up to 11 Mbps, and 802.11g operates at 2.4 GHz with up to 54 Mbps.

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39
Q

What is an IP address class?

A

A categorization of IP address ranges (Class A, B, C) that determine the size of the network and the number of available host addresses.

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40
Q

What is the function of a proxy server?

A

Acts as an intermediary between a client and a server, providing security, caching, and content filtering.

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41
Q

What is the purpose of a firewall?

A

Protects a network by filtering incoming and outgoing traffic based on predefined security rules.

42
Q

What is the difference between a stateful and stateless firewall?

A

A stateful firewall tracks the state of connections, while a stateless firewall checks each packet independently without maintaining state information.

43
Q

What is a ping command used for?

A

Tests network connectivity by sending an ICMP echo request to a target device and measuring response time.

44
Q

What is a mesh network?

A

A type of network topology where each device is connected to every other device, ensuring redundancy and improved reliability.

45
Q

What is the purpose of a Load Balancer?

A

Distributes network traffic across multiple servers to optimize resource use and improve response time and availability.

46
Q

What is a WAN (Wide Area Network)?

A

A network that spans a large geographical area, connecting multiple LANs (Local Area Networks).

47
Q

What is the difference between a public cloud and a private cloud?

A

A public cloud is owned and managed by a third-party service provider, while a private cloud is used exclusively by a single organization.

48
Q

What is the purpose of a DMZ (Demilitarized Zone) in network security?

A

Isolates public-facing services from the internal network to enhance security by preventing external threats from accessing critical resources.

49
Q

What is the purpose of a VLAN tagging?

A

Marks Ethernet frames with a VLAN identifier to indicate which VLAN they belong to, enabling the segregation of traffic within the same physical network.

50
Q

What is the difference between an IP address and a MAC address?

A

An IP address identifies a device on a network for routing purposes, while a MAC address uniquely identifies a device�s network interface at the hardware level.

51
Q

What is a network topology?

A

The arrangement of devices and connections in a network. Common topologies include star, bus, ring, mesh, and hybrid.

52
Q

What is the difference between a switch and a hub?

A

A switch directs data packets to specific devices on the network, while a hub broadcasts data to all devices.

53
Q

What is the function of a network interface card (NIC)?

A

A hardware component that allows a device to connect to a network and communicate with other devices.

54
Q

What is the purpose of a DNS (Domain Name System) resolver?

A

Resolves domain names to IP addresses so that devices can locate and communicate with each other on the internet.

55
Q

What is the maximum speed of Cat5e Ethernet cables?

A

Up to 1 Gbps for distances up to 100 meters.

56
Q

What is the purpose of the 802.1X standard in networking?

A

Provides port-based network access control, requiring devices to authenticate before gaining access to the network.

57
Q

What is a crossover cable used for?

A

Used to connect two devices of the same type, such as connecting two computers directly.

58
Q

What is the function of a DHCP relay?

A

A network device that forwards DHCP messages between clients and servers, typically used in larger networks.

59
Q

What is a BGP (Border Gateway Protocol)?

A

A protocol used to exchange routing information between different networks (autonomous systems) on the internet.

60
Q

What is a VPN tunnel?

A

A secure, encrypted connection that encapsulates data as it travels across an untrusted network.

61
Q

What is a loopback address?

A

A special IP address (127.0.0.1 for IPv4) used to test network functionality on a device itself.

62
Q

What is the difference between a private IP address and a public IP address?

A

Private IP addresses are used within local networks, while public IP addresses are used to identify devices on the internet.

63
Q

What is a broadcast domain?

A

A network segment where a broadcast sent by any device is received by all other devices in the segment.

64
Q

What is the purpose of an IDS (Intrusion Detection System)?

A

Monitors network traffic for suspicious activity and alerts administrators to potential security threats.

65
Q

What is the purpose of an IPS (Intrusion Prevention System)?

A

Similar to an IDS, but an IPS actively blocks detected threats in addition to alerting administrators.

66
Q

What is the difference between TCP and UDP ports?

A

TCP ports provide connection-oriented, reliable communication, while UDP ports provide connectionless, faster communication.

67
Q

What is an IP packet?

A

A unit of data transmitted across an IP network, containing both the data payload and routing information.

68
Q

What is the role of a packet filter?

A

A device or software that examines incoming or outgoing packets to determine whether they should be allowed or blocked based on security rules.

69
Q

What is the difference between an IPv4 address and an IPv6 address?

A

IPv4 addresses are 32-bit, while IPv6 addresses are 128-bit, providing a larger address space and more efficient routing.

70
Q

What is an EUI-64 address format in IPv6?

A

A method for automatically generating a unique IPv6 address using the MAC address of a device.

71
Q

What is a DMZ (Demilitarized Zone) in networking?

A

A network segment that is isolated from the internal network, used for hosting public-facing services like web servers.

72
Q

What is a public cloud?

A

A cloud computing service that is available to the public, provided by third-party providers such as AWS or Microsoft Azure.

73
Q

What is a private cloud?

A

A cloud infrastructure that is exclusively used by a single organization, offering more control and security.

74
Q

What is a hybrid cloud?

A

A cloud computing environment that combines public and private cloud services, allowing data and applications to be shared between them.

75
Q

What is a DNS zone?

A

A portion of the DNS namespace that is managed by a specific organization or administrator.

76
Q

What is the purpose of the ARP table?

A

Stores IP-to-MAC address mappings to help devices find each other within a local network.

77
Q

What is a load balancer in networking?

A

A device that distributes incoming network traffic across multiple servers to improve availability and reliability.

78
Q

What is the purpose of a proxy server?

A

Acts as an intermediary between a user and the internet, providing services such as filtering, caching, and security.

79
Q

What is the difference between SSL and TLS?

A

SSL is the older encryption protocol for secure communications, while TLS is its more secure and updated version.

80
Q

What is a port scanner?

A

A tool used to discover open ports on a device, typically used for network diagnostics and security testing.

81
Q

What is the purpose of a subnet mask in networking?

A

A subnet mask defines the network and host portions of an IP address, helping to divide networks into smaller subnets.

82
Q

What is a MAC address filter?

A

A security feature that restricts access to a network based on the MAC address of a device.

83
Q

What is a ping test used for in networking?

A

A tool to check network connectivity between devices by sending an ICMP echo request and measuring the response time.

84
Q

What is the difference between 802.11a and 802.11ac wireless standards?

A

802.11a operates at 5 GHz with speeds up to 54 Mbps, while 802.11ac operates at 5 GHz with speeds up to 1.3 Gbps.

85
Q

What is the purpose of a routing table?

A

A routing table contains information used by routers to determine the best path for forwarding packets to their destinations.

86
Q

What is a VLAN (Virtual Local Area Network)?

A

A logical grouping of devices on the same network, even if they are physically located in different areas.

87
Q

What is the purpose of NAT (Network Address Translation)?

A

A method of mapping a private IP address to a public IP address, allowing multiple devices on a local network to share a single public IP address.

88
Q

What is a port number in networking?

A

A unique identifier for specific services or applications on a device, allowing the network to distinguish between different types of traffic.

89
Q

What is the purpose of an HTTP proxy?

A

An intermediary server that handles HTTP requests and responses, providing security, anonymity, or content filtering.

90
Q

What is the difference between a static IP and a dynamic IP address?

A

A static IP is manually assigned and remains constant, while a dynamic IP is assigned by a DHCP server and may change over time.

91
Q

What is the role of a network hub in a network?

A

A hub broadcasts data to all connected devices, allowing communication but without directing traffic intelligently.

92
Q

What is the difference between IPv6 and IPv4 address space?

A

IPv6 offers a much larger address space (128-bit) compared to IPv4’s 32-bit address space, allowing for more devices to be connected.

93
Q

What is an access control list (ACL) in networking?

A

A set of rules that control network traffic by defining which traffic is allowed or denied based on IP addresses, ports, or protocols.

94
Q

What is the role of a DNS resolver?

A

A DNS resolver translates domain names into IP addresses, allowing devices to find and connect to servers.

95
Q

What is the purpose of a static route?

A

A static route is manually configured in a router to define a specific path for network traffic.

96
Q

What is the difference between a full-duplex and a half-duplex network?

A

Full-duplex allows communication in both directions simultaneously, while half-duplex only allows one direction at a time.

97
Q

What is the role of a gateway in networking?

A

A gateway is a device that connects different networks, such as a local network and the internet, translating between different protocols or addressing schemes.

98
Q

What is the purpose of a subnet in an IP network?

A

A subnet divides a larger network into smaller, more manageable segments, improving performance and security.

99
Q

What is a tunneling protocol?

A

A protocol that encapsulates data packets to pass securely through an untrusted network, commonly used in VPNs.

100
Q

What is a port triggering?

A

A feature on a router that opens a port when a specific outbound port is used, often used for online gaming or remote applications.

ComptiA+ (7 decks)

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