(4) OBSERVATION - arguments for God Flashcards
What’s the name of Tennant’s main Principle which contrasts Hume?
ANTHROPIC PRINCIPLE
What does Tennant’s Anthropic Principle argue?
the UNIVERSE is so EXACTLY RIGHT for human life that is MUST have BEEN DESIGNED
State the 6 Premises of the ANTHROPIC PRINCIPLE
(1) For human life to come into existence, VERY SPECIFIC , unconnected, physical CONDITIONS NEED to be in PLACE
(2) All THESE FEATURES are FOUND in place in THIS UNIVERSE
(3) Either these SPECIAL FEATURES have OCCURRED by CHANCE (Epicurean hypothesis) or by Intelligent DESIGN (the ‘God hypothesis’)
(4) The PROBABILITY of all these features occurring by CHANCE/coincidence is MINUTE
(5) The MOST LIKELY EXPLANATION is that an Intelligent DESIGNER, GOD, intended to create a universe that would produce human life. NATURAL SELECTION is PART of GOD’S PLAN
(6) Therefore GOD EXISTS
How does the ANTHROPIC PRINCIPLE answer the CHALLENGE OF EVOLUTION?
place NATURAL SELECTION and the BIG BANG as PART OF GOD’S PLAN, strengthening the case for God
What is the name of PALEY’S Analogy?
WATCH ANALOGY
What does PALEY’s WATCH ANAOLOGY argue?
UNIVERSE IS LIKE A WATCH
BOTH the UNIVERSE and WATCH posses parts, EACH one having a FUNCTION and all parts WORK TOGETHER for a PURPOSE
State the 3 Premises and 1 Conclusion of the Watch Analogy
(1) If one found a WATCH on a beach, observation of it would SUGGEST PURPOSE and DESIGN IN its MANUFACTURE (cogs,lever,springs - moving parts, its framed)
(2) OBJECTS IN NATURE can be OBSERVED which suggest purpose and design
(3) ANYTHING that can be OBSERVED to be designed MUST have a DESIGNER
(C) NATURE DEMONSTRATES the EXISTENCE of a DESIGNER which we call GOD
What did Paley argue are FURTHER INDICATIONS of Gods design?
ORDER, PATTERN we observe in NATURAL WORLD are furher indications of God’s design
e.g. ROTATION OF PLANETS, regularity and predictability of GRAVITY, the SEASONS
Explain how PALEY anticipates CRTICISMS
1 example
he ANTICIPATES and DISCUSSES CRITICISMS of his watch analogy
e.g. “ SOME PARTS of WATCHES may appear to HAVE NO PURPOSE “ - the purpose of some MAY NOT YET have been DISCOVERED, or we DON’T YET UNDERSTAND their PURPOSE
What is the Hypothesis that HUME puts forward? (against)
EPICUREAN HYPOTHESIS
What is Hume’s EPICUREAN HYOTHESIS?
the UNIVERSE came into EXISTENCE through RANDOM CHANCE
given an INIFNITE amount of TIME, a FINITE number of PARTICLES may EVENTUALLY FALL INTO ORDER by CHANCE
What does Hume argue in his Epicurean hypothesis?
at the time of CREATION, the UNIVERSE consisted of particles in RANDOM MOTION.
to begin with, the state was chaotic, but GRADUALLY the NATURAL FORCE EVOLVED INTO an ORDERED system
the UNIVERSE is ETERNAL, so it seems INEVITABLE than ORDERED STATE would eventually develop
therefore, the stability and order isn’t the result of a divine designer, but of RANDOM PARTICLES COMING TOGETHER and FORMING THE STABLE UNIVERSE OF TODAY
How do DARWIN’S later findings SUPPORT the idea of RANDOM CHANCE
NATURAL SELECTION - one of the 4 MAIN PRINCIPLE which the theory is centred around - is RANDOM MUTATION (change)
ORDER and DESIGN in the world is simply RANDOM CHANCE
