4. neuroanatomy & -chemistry of sleep regulation Flashcards
sleep is regulated on 2 levels:
- global -> coordinated by sleep & wake nuclei and the thalamo-cortical circuit + circadian rythms
- Local -> need for sleep is produced in cellular mechanisms in single neurons and networks
what are sleep-promoting nuclei in brain?
Adenosin nitric oxide (basal forebrain)
Ventrolateral preoptic nucleus GABA (hypothalamus)
hypothalamus nuclei
Parafacial nucleus GABA (brain stem)
- inhibiting connections to wake-acting nuclei
- all send signals to cortex
- all release neurotransmitters that regulate neuronal excitablility
what are the wake-promoting nuclei?
Achetylcholine & glutamate (basal forebrain)
Lateral hypothalamus orexin
Tuberomamillary histamine (hypothalamus)
LDT/PPT Achetylcholin (brain stem)
Raphe 5-HT serotonin (brain stem)
Locus coeruleus noradrenaline (brain stem)
VTA doopaminergic (brain stem)
Parabrachial nucleus (brain stem)
- the LDT/PPT sends signal to basal forebrain to stimulate sleep-related nuclei
what are all the brain regions active in sleep regulation?
what neurotransmitter does the locus coeruleus release?
noradrenalin
what neurotransmitter does the raphe release?
serotonin
what is the role of the thalamus in sleep regulation?
relay of info from the reticular nucleus to the cortex. disruption of info happens at the cortex, so thalamus is still working.