4 - Neuroanatomy

Question 1

Describe the cells that make up the cerebellum

Answer 1

Grey matter - surface of cerebellum, tightly folded

White matter

Question 2

What is the folia of the cerebellum?

Answer 2

Gyri on surface of cerebellum

Question 3

Describe the structure of the cerebellum

Answer 3

Right and left hemispheres divided by central vermis

Surface covered in folia

Question 4

What are the cerebellar peduncles?

Answer 4

Connect cerebellum to other parts of brainstem, 3 on each side

Question 5

What are the cerebellar tonsils?

Answer 5

Rounded lobule on each cerebellar hemisphere

Question 6

What is the function of the cerebellum?

Answer 6

Balance
Gait
Skilled and planned moving
Motor learning

Question 7

Where does the cerebrum fill?

Answer 7

Anterior and middle cranial fossa

Question 8

What is the relationship between cerebrum and dural folds?

Answer 8

Above tentorium cerebelli

Separated into 2 hemispheres by longitudinal fissure, whihc is filled by falx cerebri

Question 9

Describe the tissue types found in the cerebrum

Answer 9

Grey matter - processing and cognition

White matter - glial cells and myelinated axons to connect grey matter

Question 10

What connects the cerebral hemispheres?

Answer 10

Corpus callosum - white matter

Question 11

What is the difference between sulci and gyri?

Answer 11

Sulci - groove/depression

Gyri- ridge/elevation

Question 12

What do the sulci of the cerebrum seperate?

Answer 12

Central sulcus- frontal and parietal
Lateral - frontal and parietal from temporal
Lunate - found in occipital cortex

Question 13

What is the function of the frontal lobe?

Answer 13

Higher intellect, personality, language, mood

Question 14

What is the function of the parietal lobe?

Answer 14

Calculations

Visual perception

Question 15

What is the function of the occipital lobe?

Answer 15

Vision, contains primary visual cortex

Question 16

What is the function of the occipital lobe?

Answer 16

Vision, contains primary visual cortex

Question 17

What signs are produced if the cerebrum is damaged?

Answer 17

Frontal - behavioural change, inability to solve problems
Parietal - patient doesn’t pay attention to side of body opposite to lesion
Temporal lobe - Auditory recognition impaired
Occipital: Visual field defects: Contralateral blindness or quadrantanopia (quarter field blindness)
Global lesion - cant answer simple questions

Question 18

What signs are produced if the cerebrum is damaged?

Answer 18

Frontal - behavioural change, inability to solve problems
Parietal - patient doesn’t pay attention to side of body opposite to lesion
Temporal lobe - Auditory recognition impaired
Iccu

Question 19

Where does the medulla emerge from?

Answer 19

Beneath the pons, emerges from foramen rotundum

Question 20

Where does the medulla emerge from?

Answer 20

Beneath the pons, emerges from foramen rotundum

Question 21

What is the function of the midbrain?

Answer 21

Dopamine production

Relay information for vision and hearing

Question 22

Describe the location of the pons in relation to other neuro structures

Answer 22

Inferior to midbrain
Superior to medulla oblongata
Anterior to cerebellum

Question 23

Which cranial nerves have nuclei in the pons?

Answer 23

Trigeminal (V)
Abducens (VI)
Facial (VII)
Vestibulocochlear (VIII)

Question 24

What is the diencephalon?

Answer 24

Embryonic neural tube that gives rise to anterior forebrain - thalamus, hypothalamus, posterior pituitary and pineal gland

Question 25

What is the function of the posterior commissure?

Answer 25

Connects the hemispheres, needed for consensual pupillary light reflex