4 Nerve Flashcards
Q: What are the 4 primary components of the CNS?
A: cerebral hemisphere
brain stem
cerebellum (hindbrain)
spinal cord
Q: What is the structure of the cerebral hemisphere? Surface? 4 functional regions?
A: There are lots of fold - there is lots of white matter so the brain folds up to make sure that it can fit in the cranium.
highly convoluted surface of gyri (ridges) and sulci (valleys)
- Frontal - front
- Occipital - back
- Temporal - side
- Parietal - middle top
Q: What’s the role of the parietal lobe?
A: Sensory and motor function (proprioception)
Q: What’s the role of the frontal lobe?
A: executive function
Q: What’s the role of the temporal lobe?
A: sound perception and speech recognition
Q: What’s the role of the occipital lobe?
A: visual processing
Q: What is the brain stem primarily made of? Consists of which 3 structures? Relation to cranial nerves?
A: Primarily grey matter (cell bodies)
Descending Order:
- Midbrain
- Pons
- Medulla
target or source of all cranial nerves
Q: What is the cerebellum also called? It’s attached to? Importance in?
A: Hindbrain
structure attached to the brainstem
Important in fine-tuning motor function (balance and posture)
Q: Which one of the 4 main structures of the brain can you live without?
A: You can exist without the cerebellum but life will be more difficult
Q: Where does the spinal cord extend out from? Conduit for? Coordinates?
A: Extends down from the medulla in the brain stem
Conduit for neural transmission
Co-ordinates some reflex actions
Q: Name 4 neurones and an additional 3.
A: unipolar
Pseudo-unipolar
bipolar
multipolar (Pyramidal Cells, Purkinje Cells, Golgi Cells)
Q: What are unipolar neurones made of? Found? (2) Important in?
A: Has a cell body and one axon in one direction.
Rarely found in the CNS
Mainly found around the retina (front)
important in visual processing
Q: What is the structure of pseudo-unipolar neurones? Found? (2)
A: Single axonal projection which splits into two (bifurcates)
Rarely found in the CNS
Mainly found in the pain pathway in the PNS
Q: What is the structure of bipolar neurones? Found?
A: Two projections from the cell body (axon and dendrite)
Rarely found in the CNS
Q: What is the structure of multipolar neurones? Morphologies? (3)
A: Numerous projections coming from the cell body
ONLY ONE AXON - the rest are dendrites
Multipolar neuronal cells can have many morphologies
- Pyramidal Cells - pyramid shaped cell body
- Purkinje Cells - GABA neurones found in the cerebellum
- Golgi Cells - GABA neurones found in the cerebellum
Q: Which neurone type is most abundant?
A: multipolar