4. localisation and lateralisation

Question 1

localisation

Answer 1

specific areas in the brain have specific functions

Question 2

brain locations acronym

Answer 2

most single virgins want a boyfriend
most motor cortex
single somatosensory cortex
virgins visual cortex
want wernicke’s area
a auditory cortex
boyfriend broca’s area

Question 3

motor cortex

Answer 3

all voluntary muscle movements
in frontal lobe
in both hemispheres

Question 4

somatosensory cortex

Answer 4

processes sensory input related to touch and produces sensations of touch pressure, pain and temperature, then localises this to specific body regions
in parietal lobe
both hemispheres, one receiving info from opposite side of body

Question 5

visual cortex

Answer 5

vision, several different areas, process different types of visual information
in the occipital lobe
each hemisphere, receives info from opposite visual field

Question 6

auditory cortex

Answer 6

hearing, process sound, volume, pitch, location of sound from inner ear
in temporal lobe
in each hemisphere

Question 7

Wernicke’s area

Answer 7

language centre
Karl Wernicke, found patients with damage here couldn’t make coherent sentences or understand language
could utter words but no meaning
left temporal lobe
majority in left hemisphere

Question 8

Broca’s area

Answer 8

Paul Broca
damage here, patients could understad language but couldn’t speak/ write their thoughts
frontal lobe
left hemisphere

Question 9

brain diagram, regions and lobes

Answer 9

Question 10

localisation, broca and wernikes areas

Answer 10

broca’s= damaged production of speech
wernicke’s= damaged understanding speech

Question 11

lateralisation

Answer 11

different hemispheres different specialisations
broca’s and wernicke’s in left hemisphere
language= in left

Question 12

Wernicke’s Aphasia

Answer 12

can’t understand speech/ formulate coherent sentences
utter words, sentence have no meaning

Question 13

Broca’s Aphasisa

Answer 13

can’t articulate speech fluently
language= disjointed
writting disruptd
understanding of language= near normal

Question 14

how do Broca’s and Wernicke’s areas interact to produce language

Answer 14

Wernicke’s (analyses sound) near the cortex that analyses sound and understanding speech
Broca’s (articulating speech)close to motor region controls movement,

sensory region of brain= auditory/visual input
transferred by audio/visual cortex
wernicke’s area= regognised as language, associated with meaning
broca’s area= speech needs to be produced is identified
transferred via motor cortex to
produce speech

Question 15

evaluation of localisation of function
strength
supportive research
Petersen et al

Answer 15

Petersen et al 1988,
brain scans show Wernicke’s area active in listening task and Broca’s for reasoning
localisation= certain areas for different tasks

Question 16

evaluation of localisation of function
strength
practical applications

Answer 16

people suffered from strokes, syptoms like speech impairment suggest affected areas
treating sympotoms, gradual re-training needed
helpful for recovery

Question 17

evaluation of localisation of function
limitation
danelli et al
boy

Answer 17

boy had most left hemisphere removed due to tumor at 2 and linguistic ability ended
under rehab by 17 compared to ‘normal’ language, right hemisphere compensated for left
questions localisation showing brain plasticity

Question 18

evaluation of localisation of function
limitation
case studies

Answer 18

evidence based on case studdies
each brain damage is very specific to the person so the exact damage won’t be the same and not generalisable to other non-damaged brains.
can’t say localisation happens in ‘normally’ functioning brains

Question 19

brain lateralisation

Answer 19

2 hemisphers aren’t the same
left for language
conected by corpus callosum to communicate

Question 20

sperry
split brain research
PROCEDURE

Answer 20

participants with same surgical procedure to treat epilepsy, cut corpus callosum down the middle
focused on dot
info presented in a left or right visual field is sent to opposite hemisphre
responded with hand controlled by opposite hemisphere and verbally
compared to control group

Question 21

sperry
split brain research
VARIATION

Answer 21

describe what’s been seen:
words in righyht VF reported
unaware of words in left VF
because left hemisphere deals with language

recognition by touch:
left hand behind screen with objects
word flashed to right hemisphere
left hand can select the same object
right hemisphere recognises basic nouns
patient can’t explain, no lanuage

matching faces:
picture prossesed in right hemisphere selected correctly
left hemisphere ignored
in both VF left hemisphere dominated in verbal description and right in mstching picture
right hemisphere dominant in recognising faces

Question 22

sperry
split brain research
EVALUATION
limitation
population validity

Answer 22

low population validity
11 males
differences in opperations, some had smaller pathways not part of corpus callosum connecting hemispheres cut too
can’t develop a model of hemisphere lateralisation using only split brain research

Question 23

sperry
split brain research
EVALUATION
limitation
counter evidence

Answer 23

says right hemisphere can’t handle language
turk et al reported JW developed ability to speek from right hemisphere
shows brain plasticity