3.endocrine system

Question 1

endocrine system

Answer 1

made up of a network of specialist glands that release hormones
regulates cell and organ activity

Question 2

hormones

Answer 2

chemical messengers
transmit information via blood vessels

Question 3

thyroid

Answer 3

thyroxine
regulates metabolic and growth rate

Question 4

pineal

Answer 4

melatonin
regulates arousal, biological rhythms, sleep cycle

Question 5

adrenal medulla

Answer 5

adrenaline and noradrenaline
flight or fight response: increaseheart rate and blood flow to the brain and muscles
release of stored glucose and fats for fight or flight

Question 6

adrenal cortex

Answer 6

glucocorticoids (cortisone,cortisol)
further release of stored glucose and fats for energy expenditure

Question 7

fight or flight response

Answer 7

from the autonomic nervous system, sympathetic branch
helps react quicker than normal for optimal functioning to face threat
once passed, parasympathetic nervous system returns the body to its resting state

Question 8

fight or flight steps

Answer 8

stressful event perceived
hypothalamus sends message to
pituitary gland which releases
adrenocorticotrophic ACTH hormone, causes the adrenal gland to release
adrenaline, triggers physiological changes
fight or flight response
after the parasympathetic branch activated and slows activity

Question 9

physical changes and effects the fight or flight responses causes
SYMPATHETIC BRANCH

Answer 9

increased heart rate, speed up blood flow to vital organs
faster breathing, increase oxygen
pupil dilation, improves vision
reduced functioning of digestive and immune systems, save energy and prioritise functions
muscle tension, reaction time and speed

Question 10

physical changes and effects the fight or flight responses causes
PARASYMPATHETIC BRANCH

Answer 10

decrease heart rate
decrease breathing rate
constrict pupils
stimulate digestion
relaxes muscles

Question 11

evaluation fight or flight
Gray

Answer 11

reaction is not limited to the flight or fight response, freeze
Gray 1988, first response to danger is to avoid confrontation: freeze response
during humans and animals are hyper-vigilant to best decide course of action

Question 12

evaluation fight or flight
Taylor et al

Answer 12

fight or flight is typically a male response to danger, females adopt a ‘tend and befriend’ response
Taylor et al 2000, women more likely to protect offspring(tend) and form alliances with other women(befriend)
fight or flight may be counter intuitive for women, running= sign of weakness and put offspring at risk of danger