4. Liver Injury Flashcards
What is the location of the liver?
right upper quadrant
The liver receives __% of cardiac output.
25
What are the major blood vessels of the liver?
portal vein
hepatic artery
What are the 3 main functions of the liver?
- energy metabolism
- protein production
- detoxification
What hepatic processes serve as energy metabolism?
- gluconeogeneisis/ glycogenolysis
- cholesterol synthesis
What proteins are produced in the liver?
- albumin
- coagulation factors
What processes are used for detoxification by the liver?
- drug metabolism (phase I and II)
- ammonia, urea cycle
- synthesis of glutathione
What is the Phase I reaction?
- oxidation
What is the Phase II reaction?
covalent attachment of the drug to a water-soluble carrier molecule
Acute liver failure occurs within ____ to _____.
days
weeks
What are some lab values that indicate acute liver failure?
- elevated liver enzymes
- high bilirubin
- high INR (thin blood)
What is the diagnostic triad for acute liver failure?
- < 26 weeks
- INR greater than or equal to 1.5
- encephalopathy
What are the signs and symptoms of chronic liver failure?
- normal or slightly elevated AST, ALT
- minimal/ no symptoms until jaundice
Chronic liver failure is sometimes reversible. (T/F)
True
What is centrolobular necrosis?
direct or metabolite related hepatotoxicity
In centrolobular necrosis, damage spreads from _____ lobe and in an _______ direction.
middle
outward
What is a very common cause of centrolobular necrosis?
acetaminophen overdose
What is steatohepatitis?
an accumulation of fatty acids in hepatocytes