4- Knee Conditions Flashcards
Describe a “total” knee replacement
Resurfacing all 3 compartments of the knee
Describe a “partial” knee replacement
Resurfacing 1 compartment of the knee (usually patellofemoral)
There is a greater incidence of pain assoc. with knee replacements compared to hip replacements. True/False?
True
How do meniscal tears classically occur?
Twisting force
Where do patients usually localise meniscal tear injury?
Joint line of the knee
Medial (majority)
Lateral (occasionally)
If a patient describes a “locked knee”, what pathology should be suspected?
Bucket-handle mensical tear
Define true “locking” of the knee
Mechanical block to full knee extension
What is the difference between locking and pseudolocking of the knee?
Pseudolocking will resolve spontaneously/patient describes trick manoevure to overcome the locking
How do ACL ruptures classically arise?
Great rotational force upon a planted foot
What, clinically, usually accompanies an ACL rupture?
“pop” sound
Haemarthrosis
Rotatory instability (chronic)
A rugby tackle from the side will usually cause which ligament to damage?
Medial collateral, causing valgus stress injury
A direct blow to the anterior tibia with the knee flexed (car crash) may rupture which ligament?
Posterior cruciate
A varus stress injury causes rupture of which ligament?
Lateral collateral
Which test is used to define a meniscal tear?
Steinmann’s test
Which meniscal tear is more common - medial or lateral?
Medial
it is less mobile
Which type of meniscal tear causes a bucket-handle tear?
Longitudinal tear
List the 4 types of meniscal tear
Longitudinal
Radial
Oblique
Horizontal
Degenerative meniscal tears are usually Steinmann’s positive. True/False?
False
Why do meniscal tears have limited healing potential?
Small blood supply
What clinical tests will help define ACL rupture?
Lachman test
Anterior drawer test
Primary repair of ACL rupture is not effective. True/False?
True
Most get reconstruction
What does reconstruction of ACL involve?
Tendon grafting (patellar/temitendinouus-gracilis)
What structures are involved in the extensor mechanism of the knee?
Tibial tuberosity Patellar tendon Patella Quadriceps tendon Quadriceps
How does the patellar/quadriceps tendon usually rupture?
Rapid contractile force (lifting heavy weight)
