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Lex - DM 1 > 4. intro to Dx methods > Flashcards

4. intro to Dx methods Flashcards

1
Q

common puncture sites

A

venous blood

basilic, cephalic, median

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2
Q

venous blood

A

plasma
serum
whole blood
RBC

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3
Q

capillary blood

A

glucose

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4
Q

arterial blood

A

blood gas

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5
Q

plasma vs serum

A

plasma: fibrinogen is present, anticoag needed, used as son as mixed thoroughly, formed elements RBCsm water proteins glucoese
serum: fibrinogen absent , 30 min delay for clot formation, anticoag not needed, more stable, gold standard for biomarking

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6
Q

PPV

A

likelihood of true positives

predicative values are influenced by prevalence of disease

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7
Q

NPV

A

likelihood negative tests identifies someone without disease

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8
Q

sensitivity

A

persons with disease who test positive w disease (detect disease)

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9
Q

specificity

A

ability to detect absense of disease

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10
Q

causes of “off” lab values

A 
age
race
stress
transdusions
excercise
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11
Q

latex aggunulation

A

goal: detect presence of compount in pt specimen that visably clumps latex particles

moleculue of interest -> combine w latext beads -> antibody on beads bind molecules of interest

latex beads clump - pos, molecule is present

latex beads fail to clump- neg, mol is absent

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12
Q

aggulination inhibition

A

aggulination is inhibited is substance being tested is present

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13
Q

hemagglutination

A

hemagglutination is RBCs!!!

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14
Q

electropharesis

A

identify dense bands of proteins like multiple myeloma not present in healthy individ

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15
Q

western blot

A

identify specific proteins

spearated by molec weight

results transferred to specific membrane and thn membrane is incubated with antibiotics specif to protein of interest

dont to confirm HIV positive ELISA test

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16
Q

immunoassay

A

detects soecific proteins or other substances through their properites as anigens or antibodies

relies on antibody to recognize and bind specific macromolecule antigen

analyate - sub immunoassay seeks to detect

epitope - site on molecule/antigen that antibody binds

17
Q

ELISA

A

direct - antibody is absorbed, test antigen added
indirect - antigen is absorbed, test antiserum added
sandwich

pregnancy test
monocolonal antibody screen
viral test (HIV, west nile)

18
Q

direct fluorescent antibody

A

direct - flourec labed antibody fixed to slide

indirect - flourec labeled anti Immunoglob fixed in anyibody - antigen complex

19
Q

PCR

A

analyze short sequence of DNA

specific fragments

20
Q

FISH

A

Dna probe is labeled with flouec dye - DNA denatured and separated - probe hybridiazation

flourec illumunated chromosome of interest

hematology ALL/AML

look for specific transloaction or deletion

21
Q

flow cytometry

A

identify all cell types

Lex - DM 1 (4 decks)

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