4. Interviewing/Evidence-based treatments Flashcards
What are 6 possible interview biases?
- First impressions
- Halo effect
- Reverse halo effect
- Similarity – identification (when client is like me)
- Attribution error
- Stereotyping
What is the halo effect?
When observer likes one aspect of something (e.g., looks), and then is positively predisposed to everything about it.
Three types of interviews?
- Recruitment –to hire for work
- Appraisal –member of staff appraises work of other member
- Complaint/grievance
What are some questions that might be asked in a recruitment interview?
Tell me about yourself?
Why do you want to work here? Why should I hire you? What did you like/dislike about your last job?
What would you like to be doing five years from now? Can you work under pressure?
How do you take direction?
What is the most difficult situation you have faced?
Do you prefer working with others or alone?
Give me an example of a problem you encountered and how you handled it?
Give me an example of a time when you faced a lot of obstacles to achieving a goal
Tell me about a project or role that you’ve taken on that is outside your job description
How have you handled situations in which you had to deal with something that you’re not totally comfortable with?
What is motivational interviewing?
An interviewing approach for eliciting behaviour change by helping clients to explore and resolve ambivalence.
In MI, where should the motivation to change come from?
It should be elicited from the client.
In MI, it is the client’s task to articulate and resolve _________.
It is the client’s task to articulate and resolve ambivalence.
In MI, ____ ________ is not seen as an effective method.
In MI, direct persuasion is not seen as an effective method.
MI is generally a ____ and ______ interviewing style.
MI is generally a quiet and eliciting interviewing style.
In MI, the therapeutic relationship is more like a ______ than _____/_______ roles.
In MI, the therapeutic relationship is more like a partnership than expert/recipient roles.
What are 5 techniques of MI?
- Understand the person’s frame of reference, particularly via reflective listening
- Express acceptance and affirmation
- Elicit and selectively reinforce the client’s own self motivational statements expressions of problem recognition, concern, desire and intention to change, and ability to change
- Monitoring the client’s degree of readiness to change
- Affirming the client’s freedom of choice and self-direction
Solution-focused brief therapy (SFBT) focuses on what clients want to _____ rather than on their ______.
Solution-focused brief therapy (SFBT) focuses on what clients want to achieve rather than on their problems.
SFBT does not focus on the _____.
SFBT does not focus on the past.
SFBT identifies things that the client wishes to _____ and those things that are currently ______.
SFBT identifies things that the client wishes to change and those things that are currently working.
In SFBT you set _____, ________ goals.
In SFBT you set small, reachable goals.
SFBT focuses on what two things?
- Supporting people to explore their preferred futures
2. Exploring when, where how and with whom that preferred future is already happening
What is the ‘miracle question’?
Suppose our meeting is over and you go home and do whatever you planned to do for the rest of the day. And then you go to sleep. And in the middle of the night, when you are fast asleep, a miracle happens and all the problems that brought you here today are solved just like that. But since the miracle happened overnight nobody is telling you that the miracle happened. When you wake up the next morning, how are you going to start discovering that the miracle happened? What else are you going to notice? What else?
What are 4 specific techniques of SFBT
- Scaling Questions
- Typically range from the worst the problem has ever been to the best things could ever possibly be - Exception Seeking Questions
- The goal is for the client to repeat what has worked in the past, and to gain confidence in making improvements - Coping questions
- Designed to elicit information about client resources - Problem-free talk.
- This strength from one part of their life can then be transferred to the area with the current problem
What is the purpose of a diagnostic interview? 6 things
- Understand client’s problem and reason for presentation
- Gain awareness of client’s personal, social and
environmental history - Establish diagnosis
- Start to develop formulation
- Rationale for treatment
- Flexibility: Changing diagnosis and formulation in light of new information
What should you do at the very beginning of a clinical interview?
Establish rapport –small talk, put person at ease.
What’s the first question to be asked at the beginning of diagnostic interview?
Something that elicits a brief description of problem. E.g. “What brings you here today?”
What are the two aims of the diagnostic interview?
- Develop problem formulation
2. Develop treatment plan
In a diagnostic interview, how can the problem be described?
In terms of its:
- Precipitants and consequences (functional analysis)
- Duration & pattern
- Behaviours
- Cognitions
- Physical symptoms
- Affect
What are 9 signs of a good treatment?
- Symptoms and complaints lessened; end-point functioning improved
- Risk factors reduced
- Improvement lasts after treatment ends
- Better than alternative therapy, non-specific therapy and no therapy (efficacy)
- Improvement not due to spontaneous remission, regression to the mean, or placebo effects
- Acceptable to client (cost, pain, duration, side-effects, adherence)
- Easily disseminated (available competent practitioners, training requirements, need for costly technologies)
- Can be generalised across patient groups; robust effects across clinical settings and time frames
- Costs of delivering intervention outweigh cost of withholding
