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GCSE Business Studies > 4. Human Resources > Flashcards

4. Human Resources Flashcards

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1
Q

What is External recruitment?

A

Filling a job vacancy from any suitable person not already employed by the business

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2
Q

What is Internal recruitment?

A

Takes place when a job vacancy is filled from within the existing workforce

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3
Q

What is selection?

A

Choosing the right employees from among those who have applied for a job

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4
Q

What is an organisational structure?

A

The way a business arranges itself to carry out its activities

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5
Q

What is an organisational chart?

A

A plan showing the roles of all the employees in a business

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6
Q

What is a line manger?

A

An employee’s immediate superior/boss

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7
Q

What is authority?

A

The power to control others and to make decisions

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8
Q

What is span of control?

A

The number of employees managed directly by another employee

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9
Q

What is levels of hierarchy?

A

The layers of authority within a business

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10
Q

What is delayering?

A

The removal of one or more levels of heirarchy from a business’s organisational structure

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11
Q

What is delegation?

A

The passing down of authority to more junior employees

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12
Q

What is a flat organisational structure?

A

Has wide spans of control and few levels of hierarchy

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13
Q

What is a tall organisational structute?

A

Has narrow spans of control and a larger number of levels of hierarchy

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14
Q

What is communication?

A

The exchange of information between two or more people

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15
Q

What are the three types of communication?

A

Downward, upward and horizontal

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16
Q

What is Decentalisation?

A

Allows employees working in all areas of the business to make decisions

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17
Q

What is centralisation?

A

Occurs when a small number of senior managers in a business take all the important decisons

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18
Q

What is diversification?

A

Occurs when a business starts selling new products in new markets

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19
Q

What is retention?

A

The proportion of a business’s workforce who reain with the business over a period of time, usually one year

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20
Q

What is recruitment?

A

The process of finding and appointing new employees

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21
Q

What are the stages in the recruitment process?

A
  1. Business needs new employees
  2. Job descriptions and person specifications drawn up
  3. Job positions are advertised internally or externally
  4. Applications are received and kept until the closing date
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22
Q

What is job analysis?

A

The collection and interpretation of information about a job

23
Q

What is a job description?

A

States information about the duties and tasks that make up a particular job

24
Q

What is a person specification?

A

Sets out the qualifications and skills required by an employee to fill a particular job

25
Q

What is a curriculum vitae?

A

Provides information about a person e.g. qualifations, employment history and interests

26
Q

What is the selection process?

A
  1. Match application forms or CVs against the job specification
  2. Draw up a shrtlist of candidates
  3. Invite applicants to attend the selection process
  4. Selection process: interviews, psychometric tests, assessment centre
  5. Choose the best applicants on the basis of perfromance in the selection process
  6. Inform all candidates of the decision taken
27
Q

What is productivity?

A

The quantity of goods or services produced by an employee over a period of time, such as one year

28
Q

What is quality?

A

The extent to which customers’ requirements are met

29
Q

What is customer service?

A

The part of a business’s activities that is concerned with meeting customers’ needs as fully as possible

30
Q

What is a contract of employment?

A

A legal document stating the hours of work, rates pay, duties and other conditions under which a person is employed

31
Q

What is full-time employment?

A

Occurs when someone works a number of hours equal to the normal betweem 35 and 40 hours

32
Q

What is part-time employment?

A

Takes place when an employee works for fewer than the normal number of working hours per week

33
Q

What is job share?

A

Exists when two or more employees agree to share the responsibilities of a single job

34
Q

What is a zero hour contract?

A

Hireing staff without any guaranteed hours of work

35
Q

What is Motivation?

A

The range of factors that influence people to behave in certain ways

36
Q

What is Maslow’s hierarchy of needs?

A
  1. Self-actualisation
  2. Self-esteem needs
  3. Love and belonging needs
  4. Safety needs
  5. Physiological needs
37
Q

What is a retention rate?

A

keeping employees working for a business (not making them leave)

38
Q

What are the benefits of a motivated workforce?

A
  • Productive workers
  • Few people leave (high retention rates)
  • High levels of sales
  • Easier to attract new employees
39
Q

What is job enrichment?

A

Designing a job to give interesting and challenging tasks

40
Q

What is Fringe benefits?

A

The ‘extras’ that employees may receive in addition to their pay, for example, a company car

41
Q

What are non-financial methods of motivation?

A

Job enrichment,
Training,
Managers who retain authority,
Managers who allow junior employees freedom to make decisions,

42
Q

What are financial methods of motivation?

A
  • Salaries
  • Wages
  • Piecework
  • Commisson
  • Profit sharing
43
Q

What is piecework?

A

A method of payment under which employees are paid according to the quantity of products they produce

44
Q

What is the national living wage?

A

An hourly rate of pay which is set by the government. All employees above a certain age must receive at least this rate of pay

45
Q

What is training?

A

A range of activities giving employees job-related skills and knowledge

46
Q

Why is training important?

A
  • Improvements in productivity
  • More motivated employees
  • Improved rates of employee retention
  • High-quality goods and high levels of customer service
47
Q

Types of training

A

Off-the-job
On-the-job
Induction

48
Q

Induction training

A

The training given to an employee when he or she first starts a job

49
Q

On-the-job training

A

Given in the workplace e.g. work shadowing, formal training sessions and computer- based training

50
Q

Benefits and drawbacks of on-the-job training

A
  • Can be cheap
  • Targeted to exact needs of business
  • Unlikely to bring new ideas into the business
  • Can result in more employees being unavailable to work
51
Q

Benefits of indution training

A

Helps new employees to intergrate with existing workers

52
Q

Off-the-job training

A

Provided outside the employee’s place of work

53
Q

Benefits and drawbacks of off-the-job training

A
  • Can help to bring new ideas and approaches into a business
  • Can be used to motivate employees
  • Is expensive
  • Business that do off the job take a risk

GCSE Business Studies (6 decks)

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