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biology y9 > 4. Human Nutrition > Flashcards

4. Human Nutrition Flashcards

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1
Q

What are carbs made of

A

Simple sugars eg. Glucose, sucrose

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2
Q

Elements in carbs

A

Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen

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3
Q

What are complex carbs made of

A

Smaller units (eg. Glucose) in a long chain

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4
Q

Proteins can be broken down to

A

Amino acids

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5
Q

Chemicals in protein

A

Carbon, nitrogen, hydrogen, oxygen

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6
Q

Lipids made of

A

Three Fatty acids and one glycerol

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7
Q

Chemicals in lipids

A

Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen

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8
Q

Test for glucose

A

Benedicts

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9
Q

Test for starch

A

Iodine solution

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10
Q

Test for proteins

A

Biuret test (sodium hydroxide and copper sulphate)

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11
Q

Lipids test

A

Ethanol and water

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12
Q

Balanced diet 7

A

Carbs, protein, vitamins, minerals, water, fibre, lipids

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13
Q

Carbs function

A

Provides energy

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14
Q

Lipids function

A

Energy store, make cell membranes, insulate and protect organs

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15
Q

Protein function

A

Tissue growth and repair

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16
Q

Vitamin A function

A

Improve vision and keep skin,hair,teeth healthy

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17
Q

Vitamin C function

A

Prevents scurvy

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18
Q

Vitamin D function

A

For calcium absorption

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19
Q

Mineral: calcium function

A

Make bones and teeth

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20
Q

Mineral: iron

A

Make haemoglobin for healthy blood

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21
Q

Water function

A

For chemical reactions to occur and for transport

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22
Q

Fibre function

A

Helps movement of food though the gut

23
Q

Vitamin A found in

A

Liver 🤢

24
Q

Carbs found in

A

Pasta, rice, sugar 🍝🍚🍬

25
Q

Lipids found in

A

Butter, oily fish 🧈🐟

26
Q

Proteins found in

A

Meat, fish, pulses 🍖🐠

27
Q

Vitamin C found in

A

Fruits eg. oranges 🍊

28
Q

Vitamin D found in

A

Eggs 🥚

29
Q

Mineral: iron found in

A

Red meat 🥩

30
Q

Mineral: calcium found in

A

Milk, cheese 🥛🧀

31
Q

Fibre found in

A

Whole meal bread, fruit 🍞🍎

32
Q

What is an enzyme

A

Biological catalyst in metabolic reactions

33
Q

What is a catalyst

A

A substance which increases the speed of a reaction, without being changed or used up

34
Q

Monomers

A

Small molecules that join together to make polymers

35
Q

Elements

A

Substances made up of one kind of atom

36
Q

Is carbohydrate a polymer or monomer

A

Polymer

37
Q

Larger, insoluble carbs eg

A

Starch, glycogen

38
Q

General minerals function

A

In small amounts for cells to work properly

39
Q

General vitamins function

A

In small amounts to make body chemicals

40
Q

Enzyme that breaks down lipids

A

Lipase

41
Q

What is the first part of the small intestine

A

Duodenum

42
Q

Where are lipids digested

A

The duodenum (first part of the small intestine)

43
Q

Carbs digestion eg

A

Starch, glycogen —> glucose, sucrose

44
Q

How do animals store carbs

A

As glycogen

45
Q

Glucose chemical formula

A

C6 H12 O6

46
Q

Two things that effect how an enzyme functions

A

temperature and PH

47
Q

Protein enzyme

A

Protease

48
Q

What type of molecule are enzymes

A

Protein molecules

49
Q

What is a substrate

A

A molecule that the enzyme acts on

50
Q

Enzyme substrate complex

A

The enzyme and substrate bound together

51
Q

What is the site in the enzyme where the substrate binds

A

Active site

52
Q

What is a denatured enzyme

A

When the shape of the active site is permanently changed so the substrate doesn’t fit

53
Q

Carbohydrate enzyme

A

Carbohydrase

54
Q

What does an enzyme do to a reaction

A

Lowers the activation energy required in a chemical reaction

biology y9 (4 decks)

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