4. Human Nutrition Flashcards
What are carbs made of
Simple sugars eg. Glucose, sucrose
Elements in carbs
Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen
What are complex carbs made of
Smaller units (eg. Glucose) in a long chain
Proteins can be broken down to
Amino acids
Chemicals in protein
Carbon, nitrogen, hydrogen, oxygen
Lipids made of
Three Fatty acids and one glycerol
Chemicals in lipids
Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen
Test for glucose
Benedicts
Test for starch
Iodine solution
Test for proteins
Biuret test (sodium hydroxide and copper sulphate)
Lipids test
Ethanol and water
Balanced diet 7
Carbs, protein, vitamins, minerals, water, fibre, lipids
Carbs function
Provides energy
Lipids function
Energy store, make cell membranes, insulate and protect organs
Protein function
Tissue growth and repair
Vitamin A function
Improve vision and keep skin,hair,teeth healthy
Vitamin C function
Prevents scurvy
Vitamin D function
For calcium absorption
Mineral: calcium function
Make bones and teeth
Mineral: iron
Make haemoglobin for healthy blood
Water function
For chemical reactions to occur and for transport
Fibre function
Helps movement of food though the gut
Vitamin A found in
Liver 🤢
Carbs found in
Pasta, rice, sugar 🍝🍚🍬
Lipids found in
Butter, oily fish 🧈🐟
Proteins found in
Meat, fish, pulses 🍖🐠
Vitamin C found in
Fruits eg. oranges 🍊
Vitamin D found in
Eggs 🥚
Mineral: iron found in
Red meat 🥩
Mineral: calcium found in
Milk, cheese 🥛🧀
Fibre found in
Whole meal bread, fruit 🍞🍎
What is an enzyme
Biological catalyst in metabolic reactions
What is a catalyst
A substance which increases the speed of a reaction, without being changed or used up
Monomers
Small molecules that join together to make polymers
Elements
Substances made up of one kind of atom
Is carbohydrate a polymer or monomer
Polymer
Larger, insoluble carbs eg
Starch, glycogen
General minerals function
In small amounts for cells to work properly
General vitamins function
In small amounts to make body chemicals
Enzyme that breaks down lipids
Lipase
What is the first part of the small intestine
Duodenum
Where are lipids digested
The duodenum (first part of the small intestine)
Carbs digestion eg
Starch, glycogen —> glucose, sucrose
How do animals store carbs
As glycogen
Glucose chemical formula
C6 H12 O6
Two things that effect how an enzyme functions
temperature and PH
Protein enzyme
Protease
What type of molecule are enzymes
Protein molecules
What is a substrate
A molecule that the enzyme acts on
Enzyme substrate complex
The enzyme and substrate bound together
What is the site in the enzyme where the substrate binds
Active site
What is a denatured enzyme
When the shape of the active site is permanently changed so the substrate doesn’t fit
Carbohydrate enzyme
Carbohydrase
What does an enzyme do to a reaction
Lowers the activation energy required in a chemical reaction
