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biology y9 > 3. Gas Exchange, Respiration Etc > Flashcards

3. Gas Exchange, Respiration Etc Flashcards

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1
Q

Organelle

A

A specialised unit within a cell which performs a specific function

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2
Q

Cells

A

Basic building blocks of all living organisms

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3
Q

Tissue

A

Group of cells working together to perform a function with a similar structure

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4
Q

Organs

A

Group of different tissues, work together, perform specific functions

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5
Q

Systems

A

Group of organs with related functions, work together, perform certain functions

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6
Q

What does anaerobic respiration produce

A

Lactic acid

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7
Q

What does aerobic respiration use

A

Oxygen and glucose

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8
Q

What does anaerobic respiration contribute to

A

Muscle tiredness

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9
Q

What happens to the glucose in anaerobic respiration

A

Not completely broken down

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10
Q

How is energy released in both respiration types

A

Per glucose molecule

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11
Q

Aerobic respiration word equation

A

Glucose+ oxygen—> carbon dioxide+water

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12
Q

Aerobic respiration balanced chemical equation

A

C6H12O6+602—>6CO2+6H2O

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13
Q

Glucose chemical equation

A

C6H1206

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14
Q

Anaerobic respiration in animals word equation

A

Glucose—>lactic acid

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15
Q

Anaerobic respiration in plants and fungi word equation

A

Glucose—>carbon dioxide+ethanol

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16
Q

Process of respiration produces what

A

ATP in organisms

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17
Q

What does ATP do

A

Provides energy for cells

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18
Q

Where does gas exchange occur in plants

A

Stomata in leaves

19
Q

Broad leaves

A

Large surface area for diffusion

20
Q

Air spaces in leaves

A

Gases can move easily and increases surface area for gas exchange

21
Q

What do guard cells in leaves do

A

Control opening and closing of stomata

22
Q

4 Alveoli adaptations for gas exchange

A

Large surface area, moist, good blood supply, thin walls

23
Q

How thin are alveoli walls

A

One cell thick

24
Q

Trachea

A

Carries air to lungs

25
Q

What does the trachea have

A

Incomplete rings of cartalige and mucus cells and cilia

26
Q

Pleural membrane

A

Forms a seal around the lungs

27
Q

Bronchi

A

Carries air from trachea to lungs

28
Q

Bronchioles

A

Carries air to alveoli

29
Q

Alveoli

A

Tiny air sacs adapted for gas exchange

30
Q

Ribs

A

Bones that protect and ventilate lungs

31
Q

Intercostal muscles

A

Inhalation: contract and move ribs up and out
Exhalation: relax and mive ribs down and in

32
Q

Diaphragm

A

Domed sheet of muscle
Inhalation: contract and move down
Exhalation: relax and move up

33
Q

Two parts of the breathing system where the chemicals in smoke can destroy the cilia

A

Trachea and bronchi

34
Q

Effect of damaged cilia

A

Cilia become paralysed and can’t waft mucus

35
Q

Smokers cough explanation

A
  • smoke irritates airway linings
  • cells make more mucus
  • airway is blocked more
36
Q

What can cause bronchitis

A

Irritations in airway and infections from bacteria in mucus

37
Q

Effect of bronchitis

A

Blocks normal airflow so it is difficult to breathe

38
Q

Emphysema symptoms

A

Not enough oxygen so difficult to carry out mild exercise

39
Q

Emphysema explained

A
  • smoke damages alveoli walls
  • walls break down and fuse together
  • creates enlarged, irregular air spaces
  • reduces surface area for gas exchange so less oxygen to diffuse into the blood
40
Q

What is a carcinogen

A

Cancer causing chemical

41
Q

Tumour

A

When cells mutate and start to divide uncontrollably

42
Q

Carbon monoxide binds with haemoglobin

A

Carboxyhemoglobin

43
Q

Carbon monoxide effect on blood

A

Binds to haemoglobin and Inhibits ability of RBCs to carry O2

44
Q

Disease caused by carbon monoxide poisoning

A

Heart disease

biology y9 (4 decks)

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