3. Gas Exchange, Respiration Etc Flashcards
Organelle
A specialised unit within a cell which performs a specific function
Cells
Basic building blocks of all living organisms
Tissue
Group of cells working together to perform a function with a similar structure
Organs
Group of different tissues, work together, perform specific functions
Systems
Group of organs with related functions, work together, perform certain functions
What does anaerobic respiration produce
Lactic acid
What does aerobic respiration use
Oxygen and glucose
What does anaerobic respiration contribute to
Muscle tiredness
What happens to the glucose in anaerobic respiration
Not completely broken down
How is energy released in both respiration types
Per glucose molecule
Aerobic respiration word equation
Glucose+ oxygen—> carbon dioxide+water
Aerobic respiration balanced chemical equation
C6H12O6+602—>6CO2+6H2O
Glucose chemical equation
C6H1206
Anaerobic respiration in animals word equation
Glucose—>lactic acid
Anaerobic respiration in plants and fungi word equation
Glucose—>carbon dioxide+ethanol
Process of respiration produces what
ATP in organisms
What does ATP do
Provides energy for cells
Where does gas exchange occur in plants
Stomata in leaves
Broad leaves
Large surface area for diffusion
Air spaces in leaves
Gases can move easily and increases surface area for gas exchange
What do guard cells in leaves do
Control opening and closing of stomata
4 Alveoli adaptations for gas exchange
Large surface area, moist, good blood supply, thin walls
How thin are alveoli walls
One cell thick
Trachea
Carries air to lungs
What does the trachea have
Incomplete rings of cartalige and mucus cells and cilia
Pleural membrane
Forms a seal around the lungs
Bronchi
Carries air from trachea to lungs
Bronchioles
Carries air to alveoli
Alveoli
Tiny air sacs adapted for gas exchange
Ribs
Bones that protect and ventilate lungs
Intercostal muscles
Inhalation: contract and move ribs up and out
Exhalation: relax and mive ribs down and in
Diaphragm
Domed sheet of muscle
Inhalation: contract and move down
Exhalation: relax and move up
Two parts of the breathing system where the chemicals in smoke can destroy the cilia
Trachea and bronchi
Effect of damaged cilia
Cilia become paralysed and can’t waft mucus
Smokers cough explanation
- smoke irritates airway linings
- cells make more mucus
- airway is blocked more
What can cause bronchitis
Irritations in airway and infections from bacteria in mucus
Effect of bronchitis
Blocks normal airflow so it is difficult to breathe
Emphysema symptoms
Not enough oxygen so difficult to carry out mild exercise
Emphysema explained
- smoke damages alveoli walls
- walls break down and fuse together
- creates enlarged, irregular air spaces
- reduces surface area for gas exchange so less oxygen to diffuse into the blood
What is a carcinogen
Cancer causing chemical
Tumour
When cells mutate and start to divide uncontrollably
Carbon monoxide binds with haemoglobin
Carboxyhemoglobin
Carbon monoxide effect on blood
Binds to haemoglobin and Inhibits ability of RBCs to carry O2
Disease caused by carbon monoxide poisoning
Heart disease
