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Germany - 4. Nazi Dictatorship 1933-39 > 4. How did the Nazis Attempt Economic Recovery (1934-1945)? > Flashcards

4. How did the Nazis Attempt Economic Recovery (1934-1945)? Flashcards

1
Q

40% of what had declined by 1932?

A

40% of industrial production

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2
Q

Why was it significant that the industrial production of Germany declined?

A

Majority of Germany’s economy came from industry

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3
Q

What fraction of the German workforce was unemployed by 1932?

A

1/3

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4
Q

Who wasn’t included in the unemployment stats of 1932?

A

Women, particularly married women

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5
Q

How many major banks collapsed by 1932?

A

5

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6
Q

How many Germans were unemployed by 1933?

A

8 million

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7
Q

What temporarily let Germany off paying ToV reparations to enable economic recovery?

A

1931 Hoover Moratorium
1932 Lausanne Conference

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8
Q

What aspect of von Schleicher and von Papen’s leadership did Hitler keep when he came to power?

A

Work creation programmes

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9
Q

What had began to level out by late 1932, making January 1933 a good moment for Hitler to come to power?

A

Economic crisis of the Great Depression

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10
Q

What was the improving economic situation of Germany by late 1932 shown by?

A

Shown by the sought reduction of Nazi support in the Reichstag in late 1932

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11
Q

Economic promise made by Nazis in their electoral campaign: Nazi slogan promised to German citizens

A

Nazis promised German citizens “work and bread”, hoping to spread message of reducing unemployment

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12
Q

Economic promise made by Nazis in their electoral campaign: what the Nazis wanted in the short term

A

Economic recovery

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13
Q

Economic promise made by Nazis in their electoral campaign: 3 things the Nazis wanted in the long term

A

Autarky
Ersatz
War

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14
Q

Autarky

A

Economic self-efficiency without need to rely on imports in any area of life such as food, petrol and electricity

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15
Q

Ersatz

A

Replacement of goods, often of interior quality

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16
Q

Three stages of Nazi economic policy

A

Economic refival
Preparation for war
Wartime recovery

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17
Q

Period of economic revival

A

1933-36

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18
Q

Period of preparation for war

A

1936-39

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19
Q

Period of wartime economy

A

1939-45

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20
Q

Who was Nazi economic revival under?

A

Schacht

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21
Q

Who was Schacht?

A

A non-Nazi German economist/banker

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22
Q

What was the preparation of war called?

A

The Four Year Plan

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23
Q

What schemes did the Nazis introduce to give work to the unemployed?

A

Public spending schemes

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24
Q

4 policies of the First Four Year Plan

A

The “Battle of Work”
The “New Plan”
Mefo Bills
Big Business

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25
Q

What did the “Battle of Work” involve reducing?

A

Involved reducing unemployment following the GD

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26
Q

What did the “Battle of Work” involve large amounts of money being spent on?

A

Involved large amounts of money being spent on the building of public services (e.g. roads)

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27
Q

What did the “Battle of Work” stimulate? How?

A

Stimulated industrial protection by loans and tax relief from private companies

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28
Q

3 examples of the “Battle of Work”

A

Autobahns
Reich Labour Service 1935
Military conscription

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29
Q

Autobahns

A

Motorways

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30
Q

Reich Labour Service

A

Unemployed men compelled to do 6 months labour in farming or construction

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31
Q

What did the “Battle of Work” help to reduce? (Strength)

A

Unemployment

32
Q

Limitations of the “Battle of Work”

A

Economic recovery had already begun before Nazis took power
Part of reduction of unemployment achieved by persuading married women to give up employment for men

33
Q

What did the “New Plan” involve controls being put on?

A

Involved controls being put on:
-Wages and prices
-Access to foreign currency

34
Q

What did Schacht initiate under the “New Plan”?

A

A series of trade agreements with foreign countries

35
Q

What was Germany supplied with by the trade agreements with foreign countries?

A

Food and raw materials

36
Q

On paper what did the “New Plan” bring about?

A

On paper it bought about economic revival

37
Q

What was a negative consequence of the “New Plan”?

A

Food shortages caused by export import programme

38
Q

Due to the “New Plan” what was the government’s spending dilemma?

A

Whether to spend money on food or rearmament

39
Q

Who introduced Mefo Bills?

A

Schacht

40
Q

Why were Mefo Bills introduced?

A

Because the Nazis needed to borrow money to finance rearmament, while avoiding dangers of inflation

41
Q

What were Mefo Bills used to do?

A

Used for government to pay for its military equipment

42
Q

What could Mefo Bills be exchanged for?

A

Cash

43
Q

Strength of Mefo Bills

A

Rearmament programme could be kept secret since expenditure didn’t appear on government account

44
Q

Were Mefo Bills a short or long term fix?

A

Short term

45
Q

What did the big business policy involve?

A

Attempts to stimulate big business in order to stimulate economy

46
Q

What were given to businesses to encourage them to take on more workers?

A

Subsidies

47
Q

Subsidies

A

Contribution of money

48
Q

What did the results of the Four Year Plan not match?

A

The claims of propaganda

49
Q

By 1939, what fraction of German raw materials were imported?

A

1/3

50
Q

What didn’t Germany have to achieve the regime’s aims of the Four Year Plan?

A

Germany didn’t have resources

51
Q

Germany’s economy by 1939

A

Under severe strain

52
Q

By mid-1936 what happened to unemployment?

A

It had fallen to 1.5 million

53
Q

By mid-1936 what happened to industrial production?

A

It had increased by 60% since 1933

54
Q

What did Schacht oppose? What did this result in?

A

He opposed the Nazi Policy of Autarky, resulting in him losing his influence after 1936

55
Q

Who replaced Schacht?

A

Goering

56
Q

What caused Schacht to resign?

A

Schacht felt that the promotion of Goering (less experiences and less responsible than himself) undermined him

57
Q

What did Goering introduce in 1936?

A

The second Four Year Plan (2nd FYP)

58
Q

Aims of Goering’s 2nd FYP

A

Rearmament
Work programmes to keep unemployment low
Autarky

59
Q

What is a command economy? (Under the 2nd FYP)

A

An economy controlled by the government

60
Q

Ways in which the 2nd FYP would be achieved: economy

A

Creating a managed economy with tight control

61
Q

Ways in which the 2nd FYP would be achieved: targets

A

Setting production targets

62
Q

Ways in which the 2nd FYP would be achieved: industry

A

Introducing state owned plants

63
Q

Example of state owned plant introduced during 2nd FYP

A

German Goering Steelworks

64
Q

Ways in which the 2nd FYP would be achieved: production

A

Increasing production of key commodities

65
Q

Ways in which the 2nd FYP would be achieved: imports

A

Reducing Germany’s reliance on imports

66
Q

“Guns or butter” debate

A

An economic choice between prioritising rearmament or consumer goods

67
Q

Focus of Nazi propaganda from 1936-39 (during 2nd FYP): German items

A

Persuading people to only buy German goods, eat only German food and only use German raw materials

68
Q

Focus of Nazi propaganda from 1936-39 (during 2nd FYP): savings

A

Persuading Germans to save up more money

69
Q

Benefit of Germans saving more for Nazis

A

Savings would help fund investment in new production facilities

70
Q

Focus of Nazi propaganda from 1936-39 (during 2nd FYP): image projected

A

Projecting image of success of Nazi economic policies

71
Q

What did Nazi propaganda exaggerate following the Four Year Plans?

A

Exaggerated success of Nazi economic policies

72
Q

What did Nazi propaganda cover up following the Four Year Plans?

A

Covered up failures of Nazi economic policies

73
Q

Evidence of success of 2nd FYP: success of propaganda

A

Propaganda was successful during this period as population was persuaded to carry burden of rearmament programme, without mass opposition

74
Q

Evidence of success of 2nd FYP: production expanse

A

Production of key materials expanded

75
Q

Evidence of failure of 2nd FYP: arms production

A

Arms production never reached satisfactory level

76
Q

Evidence of failure of 2nd FYP: imports

A

1/3 of Germany’s raw materials were imported

77
Q

Success of 2nd FYP: how were farmers helped?

A

Farmers were helped by increased tariffs on imports and higher prices

Germany - 4. Nazi Dictatorship 1933-39 (9 decks)

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