4 - Hemodynamic Flashcards
Edema: non-inflammatory vs inflammatory
Non: protein-poor, transudative
Inflamm: protein-rich, exudative (“executives are rich”)
Non-inflammatory causes of edema (4)
Incr organ pressure - CHF, cirrhosis, venous obstruction/compression
Reduced plama osmotic pressure - malnutrition (decr albumin in capillaries -> fluid not pulled into circulation)
Lymphatic obstruction - post-surgical, neoplastic
Sodium retention - excessive salt intake with renal insufficiency
Inflammtory causes of edema (2)
Acute/chronic inflammation
Angiogenesis
Thrombosis
- most common location
- venous most likely to embolize to
- arterial most likely to embolize to
Legs (DVT)
Heart, lungs
Brain, kidney, spleen
Thrombosis
-causes: Virchow’s triad
Stasis
Injury
Hypercoagulable state
Examples of hypercoagulable states
- acquired causes (2)
- inherited (4)
A: oral contraceptives, smoking
I: factor 5 leiden mutation, prothrombin gene mutation, protein C and S deficiency, antithrombin III deficiency
Six types of emboli
FAT BAT Fat - long bone fractures Air - chest wall injury Thrombus - 95% from DVTs go to pulmonary (PE) Bacteria Amniotic fluid Tumor
What is shock
Decr blood perfusion
Anaphylactic shock
- cardiovascular
- upper respiratory
- lower respiratory
- GI
- skin
- neuro
CV: hypotension, tachycardia UR: sneeze, itch, hoarse, stridor (high-pitch wheeze) LR: bronchospasm GI: nausea, vomit, ab pain, diarrhea Skin: urticaria, angioedema, pruritis Neuro: HA, syncope, seizure
Ocular state to think of when you see aneurysm
Pupil-involving CN3 palsy
Cholesterol norms
Total <200
HDL >40
LDL <130
TGs <150
Meds for
- pts >50yo
- pt experiencing an MI
81mg aspirin (baby aspirin)
MONA: morphine, oxygen, nitroglycerin, aspirin
325mg aspirin
Signs/symp of carotid artery dz
Sensory loss, dizziness, AMAUROSIS FUGAX, or complete loss of vision in IPSILATERAL eye
High-pitched bruit
Most common primary dx in USA
Essential HTN
HTN
- pre
- hypertension
Pre: 120-39 over 80-89, no tx needed
HTN: 140/90, start tx
