4: Healthy term infants Flashcards
What is the normal range of birth weights?
2.5 - 4.0 kg
Under which weight is a baby small for gestational age?
< 2.5 kg
Over which weight is a baby large for gestational age?
> 4.0 kg
In which point in gestation is most fat laid down?
3rd trimester
So if a baby is pre-term, their % body fat will be low
What metabolic disorder does foetal hypoxia lead to?
Metabolic acidosis
Which score is used to evaluate how well a newborn has adapted post-birth?
Apgar score
What are the criteria in an Apgar score?
HR
RR
Responsiveness
Tone
Colour
0, 1 or 2 for each; scored out of 10
Why should babies be kept warm?
Reduces cold stress - hypoglycaemia
Accelerates adapation - reduced pulmonary pressure
What sort of contact should babies have with their mothers post-birth?
Skin-to-skin contact
for bonding, breastfeeding, adaptation
In the first days after birth, babies will be (hyper/hypo)glycaemicandfeed (often / little).
hypoglycaemic
feed little
adequate glycogen reserves
Which disease, seen in newborns, requires Vitamin K injections?
Haemorrhagic disease of the newborn
major bleeding disorder
How is haemorrhagic disease avoided in newborns?
Vitamin K injection shortly after birth
All babies receive this
Which infectious diseases can be passed from a mother to her child?
Hepatitis B & C
HIV
Syphilis
Tuberculosis
Group B Strep
loads more - rubella, CMV…
What should you monitor to reduce the risk of a neonate developing sepsis?
NEWS chart
What injection are all neonates given shortly after birth?
Vitamin K
All newborns will have their ___ checked as part of newborn examination.
hips
for DDH, dodgy hip pathology
Which special sense do newborns have tested after birth?
Hearing
to prevent language delay later on
Which diseases are screened for by the newborn heel prick test?
Congenital hypothyroidism
Cystic fibrosis
Sickle cell anaemia
Metabolic diseases e.g PKU
What is caput?
Cranial oedema seen in neonates
___ can distort the sutures and fontanelles in early neonates.
Moulding
How is vision screened for in a neonatal examination?
Red reflexes
What pathologies most often cause lack of red reflexes in neonates?
Cataracts
Retinoblastoma
Which lip / palette malformation should you always be on the lookout for in neonates?
Cleft lip / palette
Describe the timing of delivery and weight of babies with foetal alcohol syndrome.
Pre-term delivery
Small for gestational age +/- IUGR
