4. Growth and Development

Question 1

What are the two types of ossification

Answer 1

• Endochondral

- Intramembranous

Question 2

Define endochondral and intramembranous ossification

Answer 2

• Endochondral= requires cartilage precursor

- Intramembranous= Direct bone deposit into CT matrix

Question 3

What parts of the mandible are derived from endochondral and intramembranous ossification

• Body (not symphysis)
• Coronoid
• Ramus above mental foramen
• Anterior (symphysis)
• Condyle
• Ramus below mandibular foramen
• Maxilla
• Flat bones of skull
• Cranial bone

Answer 3

• Body (not symphysis)= I
• Coronoid= E
• Ramus above mental foramen = E
• Anterior (symphysis) = E
• Condyle= E
• Ramus below mandibular foramen =I
• Maxilla= I
• Flat bones of skull= I
• Cranial bones= E

Question 4

What makes up the cartilage nasal capsule

Answer 4

• Lateral masses ethmoid
• Inferior concha
• Maxilla (nasal crest)
• Lacrimal
• Palatine
• Vomer

Question 5

What are the two plates that make up the ethmoid bone

Answer 5

• Perpendicular plate

- Cribiform plate

Question 6

Which plate in the ethmoid bone contains the olfactory n

Answer 6

cribiform

Question 7

At what age does the perpendicular plate of ethmoid start to ossify along the cribiform plate

Answer 7

1 yr

Question 8

At what are does cribiform plate unite with lateral masses ethmoid unites

Answer 8

3 yrs

Question 9

At what age does the perpendicular plate unite with the vomer

Answer 9

7 yrs

Question 10

At what age does the distance between the eyes near adult dimensions

Answer 10

3 years old

Question 11

Growth of cartilage nasal septum move the maxilla in what direction relative to the posterior cranial base

Answer 11

down and forward

Question 12

What regions of the maxilla are sites of bone deposition?

Answer 12

• Frontomaxillary suture
• Zygomatico-maxillary suture
• Floor of orbit
• Posterior/lateral zygomatic
• Transverse palatal suture
• tuberosity
• Alveolar process

Question 13

For the ramus of the mandible, where are the sites of bone deposition and resorption

Answer 13

Deposition
-posterior ramus and alveolar process

Resorption
-Anterior ramus

Question 14

T/F Bone will not develop if you severe the surrounding muscle but leave the blood supply

Answer 14

F- will grow if you leave the blood supply but will not grow if you take both away

Question 15

According to the functional matrix of Melvin Moss what are the internal and external capsular matricies made up of

Answer 15

Internal

• Cerebral
• Facial
  
  • Otic, Optiv, Oro-facial, nasal

External

• Muscle
• Periosteal
  
  • Deposition and resorption of adjacent bone tissue

Question 16

What is periosteum

Answer 16

Dense membrane composed of fibrous CT that closely wraps all bone except that of articulating surfaces in joints which is covered by a synovial membrane

Question 17

Describe the growth patterns of periosteal matrix verses capsular matric

Answer 17

Periosteal= transformative growth (slower bone changes)

Capsular matrix= translative growth (more rapid bone changes)

Question 18

Recommended treatment time for functional appliances to correct skeletal malformities

Answer 18

circumpubertal growth period

• Females= 9-12
• Males= 11-14

Question 19

When does growth via bone deposition at sutures from cartilage and soft tissue expansion stop

Answer 19

7 years post nasal

Question 20

Describe Enlow’s “v” principle

Answer 20

• Surfaces facing direction of growth receive new deposits of bone
• Sufaces facing away –> bone resorption

Question 21

Areas of bone deposition on the mandible are

Answer 21

• Posterior ramus
• Alveolar process
• Head of condyle