4. Growing Pressures on Wetlands Flashcards
What are the two main types of wetlands?
Inland wetlands and coastal wetlands
Additionally, there are human-made wetlands.
What type of wetland is formed near estuaries, spits, and lagoons?
Marine wetlands
What type of wetland is characterized by fluctuated tidal levels?
Tidal wetlands
What defines lacustrine wetlands?
Inland wetlands located close to lakes
What are palustrine wetlands typically made up of?
Marsh plants, including fens and peatlands
Where are riverine wetlands located?
On floodplains of rivers
How many people depend on wetlands for their livelihood?
More than 1 billion people
What vital role do wetlands play in agriculture?
They provide freshwater needed for irrigation
What environmental services do wetlands provide?
Filter pollutants, hold back water, act as buffers, and store carbon
What percentage of the world’s carbon do wetlands store?
A fifth of the world’s carbon
What are the main drivers of wetland loss?
Population growth, coastal development, urbanization, and agriculture
What percentage of Vietnam’s original wetland area has been lost?
99%
What is the size of the Kut Ting Wetland?
2200 Ha
How many bird species can be found in the Kut Ting Wetland?
54 different bird species
What year did Kut Ting Wetland gain RAMSAR certification?
2010
What are minor threats to the Kut Ting Marshland?
Overfishing, pesticide runoff, and domestic waste runoff
True or False: Ramsar Certification has no criticism.
False
What change did Ramsar Certification bring to local people at Kut Ting?
Shifted focus from living to conservation
What is the role of local communities in Ramsar Certification?
To be involved in surveying wetlands and documenting health
What are the four cultural characteristics of successful Ramsar Certification?
Participation, recognition, integration, and sustainability
What was the outcome of the near exclusion of the Maasai People in conservation efforts?
The entire loss of the Marsh Pride lions
What is a critical aspect of local stakeholder participation in conservation?
Equal partnership in decision-making
What happens to conservation projects that exclude local participation?
They erode trust and lead to tensions and conflicts
What are some of the environmental services of wetlands?
What is the Ramsar Convention (1970s)?
The Convention on Wetlands is the intergovernmental treaty that provides the framework for the conservation and wise use of wetlands and their resources.
